Wednesday, September 7, 2016

LET US REVISIT THE THESES I DEFENDED TO EARN MY BACHELORS DEGREE IN CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY SOME FIFTY YEARS AGO

THE TRIADS OF EXISTENCE IN THE COSMOS




A DRESSED SKELETON BACK FROM BIAFRAN WAR FRONTS 

 THE EX-COMMANDO REFRESHED VERSION BY 1971



FINAL YEAR PSYCHOLOGY MAJOR @UNILAG 1974 


 JUDE KENECHUKWU DAVIDAN MBAEAZUE


Being the thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of B.Phil. Honours degree in Classical Philosophy 1970
@ BIGARD MEMORIAL SEMINARY ENUGU.
An affiliate of Roman Urban University,
Propaganda Fidei, Rome

I owe the Holy Spirit the Inspiration For This Dissertation

“My vessel, there are no mysteries that I cannot simplify. All it takes is to de-mystify what humans have mystified and made difficult for the average man to comprehend is to be in a pure state of grace and holiness and pray for wisdom from above. Since you have persevered in this state for fifty five years, you can glimpse at some existential answers. So, write these down in the simplest language of your generation.”

1.    A true Kenezian does not BELIEVE IN GOD rather s/he KNOWS GOD IS!
2.    The evidence is everywhere for the rational being to see, starting with the self!
3.    The true Kenezian knows the Creator God is only ONE, not three equal persons!
4.    There is nothing like the mystery of the HOLY TRINITY, its idolatrous forgery!
5.    The Creator designed the TRIPARTITE appearances in every being in existence!
6.    Human beings possess this tripartite nature in their thoughts, words and actions!
7.    Sample this divine three-dimensionality in man & water as gas, liquid and solid!
8.    Heterosexual reproduction in all animals is made up of male, female & new-born!
9.    Father, mother and child is the tripartite dimension in the Hominoids worldwide!
10.                       Every journey has a start/beginning, the distance/duration & the destination/end!
11.                       Triangles show the dimensionality in all figures with three sides, lines & angles!
12.                       Every being has its weight, mass or space it occupies viz: length, width and depth!
13.                       Tripods, Tricycles & Triangles demonstrate the basic tripartite nature of balance!
14.                       Every Circle is the progressive expansion of a square or a triangle and vice versa!
15.                       Most humans have three names that identify them from birth, life span and death!

Let us halt at this point and practically see the essence of this revelation. There have been a lot of IDOLATROUS doctrines, dogmas and liturgies based on the absurdity that God is a mystery only privileged, educated and anointed men can comprehend and so all the others in the congregation are blind-folded to carry out instructions issued to them based on the mysteries the clergy have conjectured and compounded to hoodwink them.

Kenezianism opposes this biased ONE-EYED PAROCHIAL MANIPULATION USED BY RELIGIO-POLITICAL CROOKS IN LEADING THOSE THEY HAVE BLINDED by subconscious brain washing techniques in order to maximally exploit them! Read my treatises on the issue at this website:www.happyfamilynetwork.hpage.com for details.

Propaganda is the more or less a systematic effort to manipulate other people's beliefs, attitudes or actions by means of symbols or religious images, words, gestures, banners, monuments, music, clothing, insignia and other artefacts of culture. Deliberateness here refers to the relatively heavy emphasis on manipulation of the victim’s mode of thinking and behaving which distinguishes colonial mentality in propaganda from casual conversation or the relaxed exchange of ideas.

The propagandist has a specified goal or set of goals and to achieve these he deliberately selects facts, arguments or displays of symbols and presents them in ways he thinks will be most efficient. To maximise positive effect, he may omit pertinent facts or distort them as he tries to divert the attention of the reactors (the people he is deliberately mesmerising) from everything but his own propaganda. This is exactly the function of dogmas and doctrines in all religious settings!


Updated by Rev. Prof. J. J. Kenez a.k.a.

Dr Jideofo Kenechukwu Danmbaezue, D.Sc.

A KENEZIAN  PROLOGUE

As a loyal student of King Solomon, the Wise, I dutifully introduce this Homo Faber thesis thus :


The Wisdom of Jesus Son of Sirach
The Book of Sirach (a.k.a. Ecclesiasticus) 1: 1-30

“IN PRAISE OF WISDOM

v.1:   All wisdom comes from the Lord,
        And Wisdom is with him for ever.

v.2:  Who can count raindrops
       Or the sand along the shore?
      Who can count the days of eternity?

v.3:  How high is the sky? How wide is the earth?
       How deep is the ocean? How profound is Wisdom?
 Can anyone find answers to these questions?

v.4:   Wisdom was created before anything else;
        Understanding has always existed.

v.5:  The source of wisdom is the word of God on high;
       Her ways are eternal commands.

v.6:   Has anyone ever been shown
        Where Wisdom originates?
       Does anyone understand her subtle cleverness?

v.7:   To whom has the knowledge
        Of Wisdom been revealed?
       Who has understood her great experience?

v.8:   There is only one who is wise,
        And we must stand in awe before his throne.

v.9:   The Lord himself created Wisdom;
        He saw her and recognised her value,
       And so he filled everything he made with Wisdom.

v.10: He gave some measure of wisdom to everyone,
        But poured her out on those who love him!

v.11:  If  you fear the Lord,
         Honour and respect will be yours;
        You will be crowned with happiness and joy.

v.12:  To honour the Lord is a heartfelt delight;
          it will give you a long and happy life,
    
v.13:  And at the end of your days
         all will go well for you.
        God will bless you on the day of your death.

v.14:  To revere the Lord is the first step to Wisdom.
Wisdom is given to the faithful in their mother’s wombs.

v.15:  She has lived with us from ancient times,
          And generations to come will rely on her.

v.16:  To fear the Lord is Wisdom at her fullest;
        She satisfies us completely with her gifts
    
v.17:  And fills our homes and our barns
          With all that our hearts can desire.

v.18:  To fear the Lord is the flower of Wisdom.
          That blossoms with peace and good health.   

v.19:  She sends knowledge and
          Understanding like the rain, 
         And increases the honour of those
         Who receive her!

v.20:  To fear the Lord is the root of Wisdom;
         Her branches are long life!

v.22:  There is no excuse for unjustified anger; 
         it can bring about our downfall

v.23: Wait and be patient,
        And later you will be glad you did.

v.24:  Keep quiet until the right time to speak,
         And you will gain a reputation for good sense.

v.25:  Wisdom has a treasury of wise sayings,
     But sinners have nothing but contempt for godliness.

v.26:  If you want to be wise keep the Lord’s commands,
         And he will give you Wisdom in abundance.

v.27:  Fearing the Lord is Wisdom
         And an education in itself.
         He is pleased by loyalty and humility.

v.28:  Be faithful in the practice of your religion;
         When you worship the Lord,
         Do it with all your heart.

v.29:  Be careful about what you say,
         And don’t be a hypocrite.

v.30: Don’t be arrogant;
         You may suffer a fall and be disgraced.
        The Lord will reveal your secrets
And humble you in front of everyone in the synagogue, because you did not come there with reverence for the lord, but with a heart full of hypocrisy.”

I have nothing to add. 
Drink in this wisdom 
and become a Great Kenezian!

I AM ONLY GIVING YOU THE BONES, FILL IN THE FLESH IN THE USUAL DISSERTATION FORMATYOU LEARNT


I ACCEPT THE MORAL CONTENT OF THE BIBLE AS SOCIAL ETHICS FOR HAPPY FAMILY LIVING
I DISAGREE WITH THE INERRANCY ATTRIBUTED TO EVERY SENTENCE OR VERSE IN THE BIBLE BY THE CHURCH FATHERS AND RELIGIOUS FANATICS
I do not quarrel with the compilers of the legends and fables in the bible so long as readers grasp the moral content as social ethics for happy family living but as soon as they insist that they  are the whole truth , i refuse and i completely disagree especially the  inerrancy attributed to it by the church and religious fanatics.
I ACCEPT THE MORAL CONTENT OF THE BIBLE AS SOCIAL ETHICS FOR HAPPY FAMILY LIVING BUT IF THEY INSIST THAT EACH NARRATIVE, VERSE OR SENTENCE IS FACTUAL OR COMPLETELY TRUE, I DISAGREE 100% ! ! !
Sample this; IF VERSES 14 TO 18 WERE FACTUAL OR TAKEN LITERALLY AS TRUE, THENHOW WAS THE FIRST TO THIRD DAYS CALCULATED ???

Genesis 1
1:1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 The earth was without form, and void; and darkness was on the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters. 3 Then God said, "Let there be light"; and there was light. 4 And God saw the light, that it was good; and God divided the light from the darkness. 5 God called the light Day, and the darkness He called Night. So the evening and the morning were the first day.

6 Then God said, "Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters." 7 Thus God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament; and it was so. 8 And God called the firmament Heaven. So the evening and the morning were the second day.

9 Then God said, "Let the waters under the heavens be gathered together into one place, and let the dry land appear"; and it was so. 10 And God called the dry land Earth, and the gathering together of the waters He called Seas. And God saw that it was good. 11 Then God said, "Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb that yields seed, and the fruit tree that yields fruit according to its kind, whose seed is in itself, on the earth"; and it was so. 12 And the earth brought forth grass, the herb that yields seed according to its kind, and the tree that yields fruit, whose seed is in itself according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. 13 So the evening and the morning were the third day.

14 Then God said, "Let there be lights in the firmament of the heavens to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs and seasons, and for days and years; 15 and let them be for lights in the firmament of the heavens to give light on the earth"; and it was so. 16 Then God made two great lights: the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night. He made the stars also. 17 God set them in the firmament of the heavens to give light on the earth, 18 and to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness. And God saw that it was good. 19 So the evening and the morning were the fourth day.

20 Then God said, "Let the waters abound with an abundance of living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the face of the firmament of the heavens." 21 So God created great sea creatures and every living thing that moves, with which the waters abounded, according to their kind, and every winged bird according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. 22 And God blessed them, saying, "Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth." 23 So the evening and the morning were the fifth day.

24 Then God said, "Let the earth bring forth the living creature according to its kind: cattle and creeping thing and beast of the earth, each according to its kind"; and it was so. 25 And God made the beast of the earth according to its kind, cattle according to its kind, and everything that creeps on the earth according to its kind. And God saw that it was good.

26 Then God said, "Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness; let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth." 27 So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them. 28 Then God blessed them, and God said to them, "Be fruitful and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it; have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over every living thing that moves on the earth."

29 And God said, "See, I have given you every herb that yields seed which is on the face of all the earth, and every tree whose fruit yields seed; to you it shall be for food. 30 Also, to every beast of the earth, to every bird of the air, and to everything that creeps on the earth, in which there is life, I have given every green herb for food"; and it was so. 31 Then God saw everything that He had made, and indeed it was very good. So the evening and the morning were the sixth day.


NKJV

IF THERE WAS/WERE NO SUN NOR MOON TILL THE FOURTH DAY,  PLEASE TELL ME; HOW  WERE THE  FIRST DAY, SECOND DAY & THIRD DAY CALCULATED?



THE KING OF THE NIGERIAN ROADS, ORIGINAL FRENCH PEUGEOT GL WITH AC/TINTED GLASSES, I BOUGHT FOR ONLY FOUR THOUSAND, FIVE HUNDRED NAIRA AT KANO IN 1977 AS A YOUNG AIR FORCE MEDIC AT  NAF  FTG 1976 - 1978 



TODAY  IT IS  
MODERN THEOSOPHY 
I SPECIALISE IN 


THE ALMIGHTYCREATOR DID NOT INSTITUTE MONOGAMY
The demons that created celibacy did!

Dr Jideofo Kenechukwu Danmbaezue, on 30/06/2016 @ 13:55:46 HRS GMT




·        If monogamous marriage was decreed by nature, then a husband’s gonads should naturally be on holidays or off-duty or take a leave of absence from producing spermatozoa or even initiating erections when his only wife is nursing a baby!    . . . QED!!
·        Therefore, my thesis is that the Almighty Creator of all Hominoids did not design, decree nor ordain the inhumane contraption of spouse limitations! 
·        The early notorious Church Fathers and the deceitful Roman celibates, their partners in crime did in order to monopolise all the leftovers in their congregations!
·        And to date, they still are having a field day on all the spinsters and widows in the Roman Catholic Congregation worldwide!! ” Rev. Prof. J. J. Kenez, 2016

For all wise men who had the privilege of reading “BREAD AND BUTTER CLERICS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES”, which I penned three decades ago that produced the first Pope Emeritus in 500 years in Catholic Church history, it is obvious that this dissertation is merely its long awaited corollary! Therefore, if you are capable, able and ready for the flight, let us take off! If you have not, return to base!

LATEST UPDATES ON BREAD AND BUTTER CLERICS PLUS STRESS MANAGEMENT

Shared publicly  -  20 Mar 2013

BREAD AND BUTTER CLERICS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Are Parading As Indigenous Priests Whereas They Are Foreign Stooges

There has been a retinue of charlatans in every profession in the world since the agricultural perspectives that Cain, the farmer and Abel, the shepherd introduced to the rest of humanity if the biblical legends and/or religious fables are worth their whiles! What is indigenous in a half-baked cleric who does not realise that he is only a pawn in the chessboard of Roman Sacredotal Nationals that have dominated the scene in Christendom since the Constantinian misadventure of bastardising the true ‘Good News of the Lord Jesus’ with the Mithranism era of Roman idolatry? For 500 years the baton of Papacy had always been handed over to only Roman citizens until lately, when Pope John Paul I was poisoned to death by fellow cardinals contesting for the throne of the Roman Catholic Papacy! Pope John Paul II surfaced as a belated consensus candidate. To date the reconciliatory position of the late Pope has not been accepted by hardcore Roman Theologians who see the throne as their birthright! When can other nations produce Popes as in past centuries? Was Jesus a native of
Rome? Why has the Papacy continued to operate from Rome, whereas the birthplace of Jesus was/is Nazareth or Bethlehem? Why Muslims go to Mecca and Medina is obvious! When, therefore, shall Christians all over the world, especially Roman Catholics, become as reasonable as Muslims?

Take a cue from the Roman Catholic Priests of African descent who, to date , do not realise that the elite members of their congregations see them merely as the ‘Matthews’ and ‘Zaccheaeus’ of our times. To date, without being conscious of their neo-colonial roles in destroying our authentic cultural heritage; they are the errand boys of Roman Christian Imperialism and gradually events they stage-manage in the name of the Papacy reveal they are nothing but saboteurs in the overall panoroma of genuine religiosity in the land of our birth!The desecration of our ancient taboos (nso ala) and bastardisation of the authentic norms and mores of our pristine holy ancestors is the remote cause of religious apathy among the politicians and youths of today! Some of our ‘been-to’ clerics revel in the moral decadence they learnt at the various European countries they are sent to study and only return to corrupt the few upright clerics who they consider naive and inexperienced because they hold on to the sacred vows they took at their ordinations! These nonchallant ‘tax collectors’ or AMC for Roman Theologians and their Religious Imperialists should be halted. It is better we have a few priests who can sanctify our parishes than a long retinue of Satan’s disciples hiding under the cloak of Roman Catholic Clergy while leading the whole congregation to hell. The time to call a spade by its real name is now! I am only blowing the whistle early enough so that our lovely children and generations yet unborn will not end up as demons in hellfire, if what we are brainwashed to believe as doctrines and dogmas really exist!

Dr Jideofo Kenechukwu Danmbaezue, AGUNABU UMUELCHI
BIAFRA.
This is an up-date on the original diatribe entitled “ GRADUATES OF SATAN’S UNIVERSITY” that the enthusiastic or avid reader can find at my other websites:
www.happyfamilynetwork.hpage.com 
integrationalspiritanmovement
kenezhealthklinik
http:wwwrenascentigborel.blogspot.com
alicebusinesscollege
worldcontroversyunlimited
globalcontroversiesunlimited

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10 comments
4 May 2013




DO YOU WANT EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS TO THE REAL REASON POPE BENEDICT RESIGNED?


Danmbaezue Jideofo Kenechukwu <agunabu1948@gmail.com>
11:23 PM (0 minutes ago)




to amanpour, ambaezue, holladanb, bodogdanbee, shizzlebabie, saintkenez,
bcc: Eloka, bcc: jokoroha34



Dear Amanpour,
I have been your fan for a decade now. Your coverage of the Desert Storm spotlighted your courage and prowess in battle fields and naturally as a retired Commando Officer and a Flight Lieutenant, those herculean jobs you did very creditably endeared you to my admiration.
I am not a public figure by any nuances of the terminology, but if you really want a million dollar scoop on the main reason the last Pope stepped aside, I will give it, but not for free.
Below are just a few excerpts from the ultimate article that he meditated on for three months before he made up his mind to RESIGN HONOURABLY.
"There has been a retinue of charlatans in every profession in the world since the agricultural perspectives that Cain, the farmer and Abel, the shepherd introduced to the rest of humanity if the biblical legends and/or religious fables are worth their whiles! What is indigenous in a half-baked cleric who does not realise that he is only a pawn in the chessboard of Roman Sacerdotal Nationals that have dominated the scene in Christendom since the
Constantine misadventure of bastardising the true ‘Good News of the Lord Jesus’ with the Mithraism era of Roman idolatry? For 500 years the baton of Papacy had always been handed over to only Roman citizens until lately, when Pope John Paul I was poisoned to death by fellow cardinals contesting for the throne of the Roman Catholic Papacy! Pope John Paul II surfaced as a belated consensus candidate. To date the reconciliatory position of the late Pope has not been accepted by hardcore Roman Theologians who see the throne as their birthright! When can other nations produce Popes as in past centuries? Was Jesus a native of Rome? Why has the Papacy continued to operate from Rome, whereas the birthplace of Jesus was/is Nazareth or Bethlehem? Why Muslims go to Mecca and Medina is obvious! When, therefore, shall Christians all over the world, especially Roman Catholics, become as reasonable as Muslims?"
I usually write in Queen's English, what You who live in
America prefer to label 'English UK' AND I AM HAPPY TO NOTE FOR THE FIRST TIME THAT YOU’RE A BRITISH CITIZEN BY BIRTH AND MARRIAGE.
FOREWORD TO THE CONTROVERSIAL BOOKLET THE POPE READ OVER AND OVER AGAIN
CLERICAL CELIBACY HAS OUT-LIVED ITS USEFULNESS
There was a time when Catholic Reverend Fathers and Reverend Sisters on missionary services in this country were really admired, respected and idolised! That was in my teens when the Late Bishop Shanahan was still an ordinary priest! Rev. Fr. Bindel was the Parish Priest of Ihiala, then a very large area extending as far away as Emekuku, Orlu and Oguta! They rode long distances on Hercules bicycles carrying out their evangelistic duties. They trekked most of the time and made converts by using the very few semi-literate natives as their interpreters!
 These interpreters were later promoted to Catechists and soon wielded much power! They taught pagans catechism classes in the vernacular language and only those they certified as having passed their examinations were baptised. They stood between every catechumen and the sacraments of baptism, confession, confirmation, matrimony and even the irregular reception of the Holy Eucharist! You could neither see any Rev. Fr. nor receive any of these sacraments without greasing their palms! No girls or women ever came close to the parish houses, not to mention having handshakes with any priest!
 The Rev. Sisters wore sparkling ankle-length white gowns and their head-gear with a tall hood and overflowing veils covered every part of their heads except for just the outline of their faces. I never saw their ears! To us little urchins at the turn of the century, they were angels. After all the pictures in our catechism classes were made of white skins. They were all white women. We never dreamt that we would, in later years, have our own black sisters and daughters qualified to become Rev. Sisters. No one ever imagined that a black skinned woman could ever be dressed like these white angels. These angels were our earliest teachers, nurses, midwives and doctors. They ran the few mission schools and hospitals that were then in existence at Ihiala and Emekuku. We adored and loved them for their motherly care but, at the same time, we hated their injection needles!
 We were told that both the priests and nuns were virgins. It was even rumoured that they had no sexual parts to their bodies. They were ‘castrated’ was the naïve belief that made the rumour rounds then! We assumed that the nuns had neither breasts nor large buttocks like our mothers and aunts! How were we to find out? The priests were covered all over with their flowing white soutanes that they never put off in our presence. “Did they ever urinate or defecate?” we wondered! I never saw any of them in short knickers although I was a mass server for several years at
St Martin’s Parish, Odo-ata Ihiala, now in Ihiala Local Government Area of Anambra State. In addition, we never saw the ears, necks and feet of the nuns. During clinical attendance they wore gloves, so we were partially denied seeing their hands and fingers. “Did these ladies know how to cook?” we pondered!
 That the priests were chaste and the nuns, virgins, were assumed! We never saw the priests and nuns chat together, hug each other or stroll along any road side by side. They were discreet and circumspect. They were conscious of their vows of celibacy and public image knowing that they were continuously being watched day and night. So, they never scandalised us nor gave us the chance to suspect them! That was in the early 1930s and 1940s. We gradually began to notice that many nuns went on leaves that were termed “annual” and understood why some others that lasted beyond twelve months were termed “sudden”, “casual” or “sick.” Soon, our own sons and daughters were admitted into seminaries and convents. By the 1950s, some were ordained and professed respectively. This first set never scandalised us! We never suspected that they could lower the standards set by these missionary white angels! That was before the Nigeria-Biafra civil war that lasted from 1967 to 1970. The wind blew strongly so the hen’s anus was clearly seen by all!
All that changed as the scales fell off our eyes. Our religious blinkers were forcibly removed by what we saw during the civil war at the few Caritas Feeding Centres that we naturally located within the parish premises. We saw a lot. Some printable, others not whisper-able! Promiscuity was the mildest term for describing what the refugee women described as own contributions to the war effort! Our clergymen and women were the butt of their sexual exploits as relief items like stockfish, egg-yolk and milk were exchanged for amorous relationships. Some wore the glamorous foreign dresses donated by CARITAS & WCC that were meant for homeless refugees that left their wardrobes behind!
“Have they also eaten the forbidden fruit” was the mildest joke about what we knew was happening at our local parishes. There was a conspiracy of silence by all the culprits!
THE OPTIONS I GAVE THE PAPACY TO REDEEM ITS IMAGE
“If clerical celibacy has out-lived its usefulness, what is the need of clinging tenaciously to it? This is an absurdity on the part of the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy”. In medical language, it is giving a wrong diagnosis while a sick patient is in a comatose state! Alternatively, shall we take it that the Church Fathers support the numerous sex scandals rocking the boat? Or, has it become so insensitive to the evidence of cases of paedophilia in
USA, of lesbian and homosexual relationships reported in the mass media and so many incidences of promiscuity in other parts of the globe and that warrants our “separated brethren” laughing us to scorn? Why has the Pope and the Cardinals turned their eyes the other way? Are they neck deep in these scandals themselves? Probably it is a case of those living in glass houses not throwing stones at each other? They are blind pastors leading the faithful!
Our Lord and Master, Jesus Christ, had prophesied about them when he compared them to the religious leaders of his time. He reiterated that they were hypocrites that devoured the homes of widows. He labelled them, “white sepulchres, which on the outside looked clean but were rotten and decaying on the inside.” Anyone who deceptively takes a vow of celibacy and deliberately violates it regularly without any pricks of the conscience is a demon and definitely a disciple of Satan! That is why we refer to them as ‘Postgraduates of Satan’s University.’ They are candidates for hellfire and they will lead as many of us as they can to the same place. They are only working for their master, Lucifer! Listen to what Jesus Christ said about such hypocrites who take false vows in the New Testament account of Matthew’s Gospel, Chapter 23, vv. 25 - 28:
 “How terrible for you, teachers of the Law and Pharisees! You hypocrites! You clean the outside of your cup and plate, while the inside is full of what you have obtained by violence and selfishness.  Blind Pharisee! Clean what is inside the cup first, and then the outside will be clean too! “How terrible for you, teachers of the Law and Pharisees! You hypocrites! You are like whitewashed tombs, which look fine on the outside but are full of bones and decaying corpses on the inside. In the same way, on the outside you appear good to everybody, but on the inside, you are full of hypocrisy and sins.”
My dear false clerics; does anyone need an interpretation for those simple statements of facts? What does a tomb covered with tiles look like theses days? Sparkling White! Suppose you dig up the contents after three months of burying a human corpse in it, what will you find inside? Dry bones, the skull, nails, hairs, the teeth and may be some decaying flesh!
THE ULTIMATUM POPE RESPONDED TO
CONCLUSION OF THE MATTER
There are many clerics and nuns, otherwise referred to as Rev. Fathers and Rev. Sisters, including those that have been elevated to Monsignors, Mother Generals, Bishops, Archbishops and Cardinals in the Roman Catholic hierarchy that should summon courage and leave gracefully before the youths of our Global Village forcibly remove them from their pecuniary, parasitic, sycophantic and adulterous lifestyles. There are no jobs in the labour market worldwide and so those who successfully pretended to have had vocations all through their training periods till they are ordained celebrate their evil success and then they continue to live false lives with impunity!
No one spits out sugar when it has already entered the mouth! Free housing, free cars, free televisions, free dresses, free toiletries as well as free food, free sex e.t.c.
These crafty tortoises in our native stories! They think they are smart! WHY?
THEY ARE ALL AFRAID OF LOSING THEIR FREE BREAD AND BUTTER!
Dr Jideofo Kenechukwu Danmbaezue  a.k.a. Rev. Prof. J. J. Kenez
This ex-seminarian capped ‘Rt. Rev. Bishop Echipu’ at the Diamond Jubilee of All Hallows Seminary, Onitsha is begging clerics to resign honourably than staying put and scandalising the youths in our parishes and other youth fellowships worldwide!
I am using my Gmail account to exclude scammers as the rate of cyber crime is high in this God-forsaken corrupt Nigeria. My Yahoo-mail Account reads; saintkenez@yahoo.co.uk
More details when you find time for the full scoop on the diatribes I penned that convinced Pope Benedict to throw in the towel. If you do not need it, just keep mute for 48 hours only and then you will hear it on BBC, the original station I had wanted to send it.


Click here to Reply, Reply to all, or Forward
I AM DEEPLY SORRY THAT MY ERROR MARGIN WAS TOO HIGH, HERE IS A CORRECTED SCRIPT


Danmbaezue Jideofo Kenechukwu <agunabu1948@gmail.com>
1:12 AM (0 minutes ago)




to amanpour, ambaezue, holladanb, bodogdanbee, shizzlebabie, saintkenez,
bcc: Eloka, bcc: jokoroha34




My own famous International journalist,

Sorry, I was carried away by sending you an e-mail that got the better of me, and in my enthusiasm I allowed my error margin to exceed 5 - 7. Please, forgive this 65-year old.

Again, you may think those I sent copies to are too many and that in itself had undermined the exclusiveness of the item, WRONG, for these are only members of my nuclear family who I like to keep track of what their careless daddy does all the time, in case I may need legal counsel.

Thirdly, I failed to let you know who this writer is. Please just type into Google Search either of my names and be overwhelmed with the scientific papers, dissertations and diatribes, this reticent fellow has stacked at different Google blogspots and websites. You may also read:http://www.linkedin.com/pub/dr-j-kenechukwu-danmbaezue/51/393/591

Finally, if you are good in the game of SCRABBLE, permutations in investigative literary styles or proficient in resolving anagrams, you will unravel this and so get at the secret article I penned that convinced Pope Benedict to throw in his towel;

"CELIBACY HAS OUT-LIVED ITS USEFULNESS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES CLERICS AFRAID TO LOSE THEIR BUTTER AND BREAD. DEMONISED ROMAN CATHOLIC CLERGY WORLDWIDE. GRADUATES OF SATAN'S UNIVERSITY.

Enjoy this appetiser, may be it will solve the puzzle for you!

http://wwwrenigborel.blogspot.com/2013/03/this-revolutionary-professor-of-modern_10.html?showComment=1363653946265#c8961565984993244577

POSTSCRIPT ON Saturday, 23 March 2013 @ 2307HRS GMT:

Some investigative journalists and historians are already confirming what I revealed to you on video clips regarding the evil super-brats a.k.a  Jesuits

LISTEN TO AND ANALYSE VIDEO CLIPS@: http://youtu.be/ukSGV1MegQA

Yours sincerely: Rev. Prof. J. J. Kenez, Animator International of I S M.

THE PAPACY HAS LEFT THE ITALIAN NATION BUT IT HAS NOT LEFT ITALIAN SOIL
The Jesuits have only flown a kite but they cannot deceive wily students/keen observers like me!

My dear Amanpour,

This is another exclusive you may want to explore. I had been a candidate for the Jesuit Priesthood in 1973 to 1974 when I dumped the Diocesan Clergy of Enugu in Nigeria. I was then a Psychology Major at the University of Lagos. I admired our Sociology Lecturer who was Fr J. Sychuler, SJ and served at his masses for Catholic students. I was the ‘de facto’ CATECHIST & CHIEF SACRISTAN. The romance ended when I realised they were the secret power brokers of the Roman Catholic Mission worldwide and operated like the Italian Mafia.

NOW READ WHAT I POSTED ON MY GOOGLE BLOGSPOT THAT MADE THEM COME OUT IN THE OPEN AND PUSH POPE FRANCIS FORWARD THIS TIME. I FORCED THEM TO COME OUT FROM BEHIND THE CURTAIN AND CLAIM THE PAPACY.

http://renascenti.blogspot.com/search?updated-min=2012-01-01T00:00:00-08:00&updated-max=2013-01-01T00:00:00-08:00&max-results=2

Analyse the contents of my concealed diatribe therein and may be now you will take me more seriously. Also watch these videos and read these articles and see that an Italian Jesuit by birth is still the Pope, while the whole world is deceived that the Papacy has left Rome.

THE ILLUMINATI, CREATED BY THE JESUITS.

WHO CONTROLS THE WORLD. ILLUMINATI/JESUITS.

1. Illumination: the Secret Religion - Illuminati Jesuits?
armageddonconspiracy.co.uk/Illuminati-Jesuits(15214... - CachedShare
The leader of the Jesuit Order, the Superior General, is commonly known as the black pope because of both his power and black vestments. Such is the degree ...
2. The Jesuit, Illuminati, Knights of Columbus and Masonic Oaths
www.biblebelievers.org.au/jesuits.htm - Cached
The Jesuits are a Military Religious Order of the Roman Catholic Church; Masonic and other Oaths.
3. One Evil: The Illuminati
one-evil.org/.../entities_organizations_illuminati.html - Cached
The Illuminati is name given to a small group of noble and non-noble families in the 18th Century that assisted the Jesuit Order in their plans to exact revenge on ...

Dr Jideofo Kenechukwu Danmbaezue forced Pope to resign and Jesuits to stop hiding!

16 Oct 2013




THE SUBLIMINAL POSITIVE RESULTS OF THE CRUSADE TO ABROGATE COMPULSORY CELIBACY WERE/ARE;

1. WHEREAS “GRADUATES OF SATAN’S UNIVERSITY” REMOTELY GAVE RISE TO JOHN PAULL II;..... CONVOKING THE AFRICAN SYNOD THAT THE LATE AB ALBERT OBIEFUNA CHAIRED,

2. “BREAD AND BUTTER CLERICS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES”;...... WAS THE IMMEDIATE AETIOLOGY OF THE FIRST EMERITUS POPE IN RCM.

3. NOW POPE FRANCIS HAS BECOME OUR " DANIEL COME TO JUDGEMENT. WE HOPE HE GOES THE FULL HOG OF MAKING CELIBACY  VOLUNTARY   NOT  COMPULSORY


THE 7 COMMENTARIES ON CELIBACY BLOGGER

1.
Danmbaezue Jideofo KenechukwuOctober 1, 2013 at 9:58 PM
A MELODRAMATIC PRUSSIAN POPE TINKERED WITH THIS OBJECTIVE DEMANDS OF HIS ASSOCIATION , A WISE AND DIPLOMATIC GERMAN POPE HONOURABLY RESIGNED TO ALLOW THE CURRENT FLAMBOYANT JESUIT ITALIAN POPE SWIM THE MURKY WATERS AND PROVIDE A VERITABLE SOLUTION. WE HOPE HE DOES THE RIGHT THING FOR THE GOOD OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IS THE PRAYER OF REV. PROF. J.J. KENEZ a.k.a DR JIDEOFO KENECHUKWU DANMBAEZUE, the Animator of the Association since 2001....AMEN.
ReplyDelete
2.
Danmbaezue Jideofo KenechukwuOctober 1, 2013 at 10:08 PM
IT WAS THE 2011 UPDATE WHICH ENTITLED " BREAD AND BUTTER CLERICS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES" THAT POPE BENEDICT ANALYSED FOR A WHOLE YEAR AND ACQUIESCED TO BY HONOURABLY AND GRACEFULLY BOWING OUT THAN BE MESSED AROUND BY THE ILLUMINATI POWERS BEHIND THE PAPACY ELIMINATING HIM. HE AS SMART AND WISE. HE HAS NOW MADE HISTORY AS THE FIRST POPE TO RESIGN AND EARNED THE "EMERITUS" HE RIGHTLY DESERVES. DR J. K. DANMBAEZUE CONGRATULATES HIM!
ReplyDelete
3.
Danmbaezue Jideofo KenechukwuOctober 2, 2013 at 12:18 PM
A FEW OF MY CLASSMATES THAT WERE TRAPPED ARE HESITANT. One I notified of the new opportunity to start selecting a well-educated Rev. Sister he would marry as soon as CATHOLIC CELIBACY is abrogated, interjected thus; Jude, at this my age?" I REMINDED HIM THAT THE GREAT AZIKIWE HAD FOUR HEALTHY KIDS AT AGE 89, he murmured; ARE YOU SURE?
This really brings to the fore THAT MOST ARE NOT COMFORTABLE WITH THE PROSPECT OF LEARNING HOW TO COPE WITH THE RIGORS OBSERVING THE DEMANDS OF THE SACRAMENT OF MATRIMONY, KEEPING TO ONE WOMAN, PREGNANCY, LABOUR, CHILD BIRTH AND ALL THE OTHER RESPONSIBILITIES OF BEING A HUSBAND AND FATHERING CHILDREN...They will prefer free sex they are used to than learning how to use their left hand. A Rev. Sister that has/had eyeing me for long said; IS IT NOW I HAVE MADE MY FINAL VOWS. WILL YOUR WIFE ACCEPT ME AS A SECOND WIFE? Ask her oo oo hh
ReplyDelete


4.
Danmbaezue Jideofo KenechukwuOctober 2, 2013 at 8:40 PM
THE COMMENTARIES I MADE TO THE CELIBACY BLOG

A MELODRAMATIC POPE IGNORED THE DEMANDS OF THIS ASSOCIATION, AWISE AND DIPLOMATIC POPE ACQUIESED TO IT AND HONOURABLY TO ALLOW THE CURRENT FLAMBOYANT JESUIT POPE HANDLE IT. WHATEVER, HOWEVER AND WHENEVER IT IS IMPLEMENTED, ALL WILL BE BETTER FOR THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH.

Posted by Danmbaezue Jideofo Kenechukwu at 9:40 PM
Email ThisBlogThis!Share to TwitterShare to Facebook
3 comments:
1.
Danmbaezue Jideofo KenechukwuOctober 1, 2013 at 9:58 PM
A MELODRAMATIC PRUSSIAN POPE TINKERED WITH THIS OBJECTIVE DEMANDS OF THIS ASSOCIATION , A WISE AND DIPLOMATIC GERMAN POPE HONOURABLY RESIGNED TO ALLOW THE CURRENT FLAMBOYANT JESUIT ITALIAN POPE SWIM THE MURKY WATERS AND PROVIDE A VERITABLE SOLUTION. WE HOPE HE DOES THE RIGHT THING FOR THE GOOD OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IS THE PRAYER OF REV. PROF. J.J. KENEZ a.k.a DR JIDEOFO KENECHUKWU DANMBAEZUE, the Animator of the Association since 2001....AMEN.
ReplyDelete
2.
Danmbaezue Jideofo KenechukwuOctober 1, 2013 at 10:08 PM
IT WAS THE 2011 UPDATE WHICH ENTITLED " BREAD AND BUTTER CLERICS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES" THAT POPE BENEDICT ANALYSED FOR A WHOLE YEAR AND ACQUIESCED TO BY HONOURABLY AND GRACEFULLY BOWING OUT THAN BE MESSED AROUND BY THE ILLUMINATI POWERS BEHIND THE PAPACY ELIMINATING HIM. HE AS SMART AND WISE. HE HAS NOW MADE HISTORY AS THE FIRST POPE TO RESIGN AND EARNED THE "EMERITUS" HE RIGHTLY DESERVES. DR J. K. DANMBAEZUE CONGRATULATES HIM!
ReplyDelete
Danmbaezue Jideofo KenechukwuOctober 2, 2013 at 12:18 PM
A FEW OF MY CLASSMATES THAT WERE TRAPPED ARE HESITANT. One I notified of the new opportunity to start selecting a well-educated Rev. Sister he would marry as soon as CATHOLIC CELIBACY is abrogated, interjected thus; Jude, at this my age?" I REMINDED HIM THAT THE GREAT AZIKIWE HAD FOUR HEALTHY KIDS AT AGE 89, he murmured; ARE YOU SURE?
This really brings to the fore THAT MOST ARE NOT COMFORTABLE WITH THE PROSPECT OF LEARNING HOW TO COPE WITH THE RIGORS OBSERVING THE DEMANDS OF THE SACRAMENT OF MATRIMONY, KEEPING TO ONE WOMAN, PREGNANCY, LABOUR, CHILD BIRTH AND ALL THE OTHER RESPONSIBILITIES OF BEING A HUSBAND AND FATHERING CHILDREN...They will prefer free sex they are used to than learning how to use their left hand. A Rev. Sister that has/had eyeing me for long said; IS IT NOW I HAVE MADE MY FINAL VOWS. WILL YOUR WIFE ACCEPT ME AS A SECOND WIFE? Ask her oo oo hh
ReplyDelete
Danmbaezue Jideofo KenechukwuOctober 4, 2013 at 9:55 PM
DESIGN OF THE BACK COVER
The material in this book is meant only for mature minds who want to see a better society where their descendants are not fooled nor scandalised by religious leaders with questionable credentials, low moral standards or worse still, psychopathological traits bordering on inadequate psychosexual development.

We are living in an age where heterosexual promiscuity, hype- homosexuality, nymphomania and paedophilia have become rampant among fraudsters parading as religious men and women who claim to be celibates. Protect your offspring from these disciples of Satan adorned in white cassocks, gowns and veils. All that glitter is not gold! If you are naïve enough to leave your fathering or mothering duties today, do not blame anybody tomorrow when your kids are initiated into secret cults or the sexual perversions of homosexualism and lesbianism.
• Celibacy must be made optional, with priests allowed renewing their choice after the first three years of their ordination. They should be free like Rev. Srs. to marry if they have fallen in love with someone they feel can assist them live a happily married life and lead an exemplary Christian life!
• Only those who are resolute in their virginity can aspire to becoming full-
time Parish Priests, with the prospect of becoming Papal Chamberlains
at the tenth year of their ordination! They have the option of voluntarily
undergoing vasectomy to confirm their perpetual loyalty to the Church!
• A broad-based Diocesan Commission of both the laity and the clergy can interview and appoint some of the married priests as reliable vicars in their home parishes. However, they will find their own accommodation and cater for their families, as they will be paid salaries and sick-call allowances!

ReplyDelete
5.
Danmbaezue Jideofo KenechukwuOctober 4, 2013 at 9:57 PM
The Internet is saturated with pornographic materials not good for growing minds, but this can be monitored and satisfactorily censored by responsible parents. However, that innocent looking priest, pastor, brother or sister you trust, can do more damage to your child’s morality, because you will least suspect them! Read this book, reflect on its genuine concerns and join us in providing an insurance cover for the normal personality development of your lovely children.
Sex scandals are rocking Christendom now!

THE GOSPEL TRUTH ABOUT THIS BOOK
Our sons and daughters are trapped and only you and I can rescue them! The good ones among them want to quit but are timid and afraid of what people who sponsored them would say! Let us join hands and liberate them now! Some former classmates of mine, who are honest but feel trapped in this buffoonery and deceit, engineered this publication. We have outlined options that the Papacy can adopt to save our souls! The future of the Holy, Apostolic and Catholic Church is the ‘raison d’être’ of this publication. No other motivation propelled the association. The Holy Spirit of the Almighty Creator of us all was, is and will ever remain the team leader of this effort!

WE OWE THEM THIS GOOD TURN! THEY CANNOT HELP THEMSELVES. HOWEVER, YOU CAN!
Contact me via 0805-1764999 or E-mail: saintkenez@yahoo.co.uk

Dr Jideofo Kenechukwu Danmbaezue, D.Sc.

THE CURRENT ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH PRACTISED ALL OVER THE WORLD IS ROMAN MITHRANISM DRESSED UP AS PAULINE CHRISTIANITY!

Jesus was deified by Roman Emperor Constantine to marry a Christian girl he fell in love with and Saul as the guardian of the damsel demanded that he must first convert to his brand of Christianity to achieve his desire. Thus Roman Paganism mixed with Mithraism the Greek religion they had before the arrival of Saul of Tarsus produced the adulterated Pauline version with all the personality attributes of Mithra god, all the liturgical celebrations and feasts of the ‘sun-god’ hoisted on Jesus of Nazareth, rebranded and patented in Rome as ‘god-the-son’ and later exported to the whole world as Roman Catholic mission! Saul of Tarsus never met Jesus alive and so was neither a disciple of Jesus nor one of his chosen/trained apostles. Neither Peter, the head of the apostles; James nor John his deputies were/was involved in the notorious Council of Nicea that ratified its formation and therefore it was/is a heretical counterfeit that was unauthorised, unedifying, psychoneurotical, illegal and a complete forgery! It still is to date!!

Beware and Be Forearmed that As Post Graduates Of Satan’s University, The Clerics In Vatican City Will Often Claim Originality For Innovative Thoughts, Any Initiative And Every Thing Others Introduce For The Progress Of Their Romanticised Christianity!
ReplyDelete
6.
Danmbaezue Jideofo KenechukwuOctober 4, 2013 at 9:59 PM
It is better to do the natural thing within the accepted life of a sacramental marriage than to voluntarily hand over your soul to the devil and scandalised so many boys and girls who look up to you as a role model. What homilies can a priest preach to the very women that he has gone to bed with?
On the other hand, what powers has such a fornicator inside the confessional? Will his accomplices in such absurd sexual immorality ever come to him for confessions? In addition, when they do come, will he continue to mediate the penitential rites properly according to the mind of the Church? Remember Lord’s recommendation; ‘it were better that a millstone be hung around your neck and that you are thrown into the sea, than for you to deceive and scandalise the youth and by so doing lead them to hellfire.

OUR CONCLUDING RECOMMENDATIONS
• Celibacy must be made optional, with priests allowed renewing their choice after the first three years of their ordination. They should be free like Rev. Srs. to marry if they have fallen in love with someone they feel can assist them live a happily married life and lead an exemplary Christian life!

• Only those who are resolute in their virginity can aspire to becoming full-
time Parish Priests, with the prospect of becoming Papal Chamberlains
at the tenth year of their ordination! They have the option of voluntarily
undergoing vasectomy to confirm their perpetual loyalty to the Church!

• A broad-based Diocesan Commission of both the laity and the clergy can interview and appoint some of the married priests as reliable vicars in their home parishes. However, they will find their own accommodation and cater for their families, as they will be paid salaries and sick-call allowances!

Postscript:
Rev. Prof. J. J. Kenez, an exemplary ex-seminarian since the 1970s, is a stoic of the first class genre, a moral crusader of no mean order; a war battered veteran of the Degema Strike Force in 12th Commando Brigade of Biafra (1968 -1970) as well as a retired Nigerian Air Force Officer (1975 -1979)! Therefore, he speaks his mind and so, he owes no one any apologies for his strong views in this crusade to sanitise the Catholic Church in particular, and other churches in general!

14 Mar 2014




ALTRUISM IS NEXT TO SELF FULFILLMENT AND HAPPINESS FOR ALL

 

I S M IS A PRACTICAL FELLOWSHIP FOR NATURAL SCIENTISTS

PRACTICUM 001

A group of 50 people with name tags attended an ISM seminar that our Animator International, Dr Jideofo Kenechukwu Danmbaezue chaired.

• After pleasantries the Guest Speaker started giving each one a balloon and asked each attendee to write his/her name on it using marker pens he provided.
• Then all the balloons were collected and put in another room.
• Now these delegates were let in that room and asked to find the balloon which had their name on it, within 5 minutes. Everyone was frantically searching for their name, colliding with each other, pushing around others and there was utter chaos.
• At the end of 5 minutes no one could find their own balloon.
• Then, the Seminar Speaker now asked each one to randomly collect a balloon and give it to the person whose name was written on it.
• Within minutes everyone had his or her own balloon.
• Thereafter, the speaker began his talk by saying the following;
• Exactly this is what is happening in our individual lives. Everyone is frantically looking for happiness all around, not knowing where it is. Our happiness lies in the happiness of other people. Give them their happiness; you will get your own. And this is the purpose of human life.
• Sharing what you have especially knowledge, love and time with others is the beginning of ONE ALMIGHTY CREATOR, ONE CREATED UNIVERSE, ONE HUMAN FAMILY
• This practicum is the theory and practice of the motto of INTEGRATIONAL SPIRITAN MOVEMENT in action.
• Be inspired to practice it daily and become a true Kenezian today.

Your Chief Servant ………….. Rev. Prof. J. J. Kenez, D.Sc.  in Psychometrics
PRACTICUM 002

 

YOUR VALUE IN THE EYES OF THE ALMIGHTY CREATOR THAT WE WORSHIP IS GOLDEN AND PRICELESS FOR WE ARE HIS HEIRS.
“A well-known speaker started off his seminar by holding up a $20 bill. In the room of 200, he asked,
• "Who would like this $20 bill?" All hands started going up.
• He said, "I am going to give this $20 to one of you but first, let me do this”. He proceeded to crumple the dollar bill up.
• He then asked, "Who still wants it?" Still the hands were up in the air. "Well," he replied, "what if I do this?"
• And he dropped it on the ground and started to grind it into the floor with his shoe. He picked it up, now all crumpled and dirty.
• "Now who still wants it?" Still the hands went into the air.
• "My friends, you have all learned a very valuable lesson. No matter what I did to the money, you still wanted it because it did not decrease in value. It was still worth $20.
• Many times in our lives, we are dropped, crumpled and grounded into the dirt by the decisions we make and the circumstances that come our way. We feel as though we are worthless. But no matter what has happened or what will happen, you will never lose your value in God's eyes. To Him, dirty or clean, crumpled or finely creased, you are still priceless to Him.”
 
That is ISM or KENEZIANISM in practice! I hope you cherish these words of wisdom of an Unknown Author I found in the Internet!

6 Jun 2014




 “When two people are angry at each other, there is a distance in their hearts psychologically. To cover the distance, they must shout to be able to hear each other. The angrier they are, the louder they will shout to hear each other through that great distance.

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN TWO PEOPLE FALL IN LOVE??
Then the Professor asked,
“What happens when two people fall in love? They don't shout at each other but talk softly. Why? Because their hearts are psychologically close. The distance between them is very small.”
 “When they love each other even more, what happens? They don't speak, they only whisper and they even get closer to each other in their love. Finally, they even need not whisper, they only look at each other and that's all.”

He concluded. He was applauded, receiving a standing ovation.”

Then Professor Kenez, the Guest of Honour expertly concurred by adding;

“It is their souls that chose their social relationship in the first place, and then they hear their heart beats rhyme as their love increases and finally the loving souls merge as one needing neither distance nor physical communication.
• That’s why more often than not, love making is silent, and don’t you agree with me. Even among lower animals like dogs that we see often,
THIS IS THE BEST FOR A HEALTHY, SUCCESSFUL AND HAPPY MARRIED LIFE, SO LEARN IT NOW GRADUALLY AS YOU INTERACT IN YOUR YOUTH OR REGRET IT FOR EVER. SO NEXT TIME YOU SHOUT AT A LOVED ONE, KNOW THAT YOU ARE CREATING A DISTANCE BETWEEN YOUR HEART AND THEIR HEART.

7 Jun 2014




12 Sep 2014




THE ILLOGICAL ISSUE THAT PORTRAYS THE WHOLE BIBLE AS A COLLECTION OF FABLES AND LEGENDS OF AN ETHNOCENTRIC SUBGROUP THAT MUST BE RESOLVED BEFORE A GLOBAL PEACE CAN BE ENTHRONED IN OUR GLOBAL VILLAGE

“Prophet Moses and Prophet Mohammed separately fetched firewood infested with ants and maggots and so forever must entertain uninvited visits from lizards. I need convincing answers to in this final dissertation on some of the numerous absurdities propagated by the ancient religious leaders that caused wars”.

1. From the beginning of creation every narrative was universal and applicable to the direct descendants of Adam and Eve. There were no discriminations till Noah’s ark. Genesis 1 to Genesis 11 is UNIVERSAL as it narrates about humanity at large and concurs with the current scientific classification of Homo sapiens into three species of mankind. From Genesis 12 till Malachi is ETHNOCENTRIC as it narrates only about Abram and his descendants. Was the God of Noah very different from the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, for the former seems to be really OMNISCIENT, OMNIPOTENT AND IMPARTIALLY JUST, whereas the latter seems to be directly the opposite; NEPOTIC AND FALLIBLE.

2. The Almighty Creator OF Genesis 1 to Genesis 11 moulded and gave life to his son; ADAM, and later by anaesthetic surgery while Adam was wide awake separated his bisexual parts and named the new product EVE, a helpmate and later wife and mother of Adam’s descendants. But in the case of Abraham who was the ancestor of only the Ishmael and Isaac, he had to wait long before the promised son arrived. Later, after many years of retraining the pagan from Ur he was asked to sacrifice Isaac as a test of obedience and loyalty to this personal God who brought him out of the Land of UR.

3. Is Jesus the only son of Almighty Creator God that created the entire universe or is he only a descendant of the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, who banished Hagar and Ishmael to die in a dry desert before the injustice was corrected by the Almighty Creator as dogmatised and deluded Christians proclaim, thus fuelling the perennial Arab – Israeli wars. Please provide convincing and rational answers to this bewildered theosophist, and then answer this his ultimate question; TO WHOM DID THIS PERSONAL GOD OF THE ISRAELITES SACRIFICE JESUS AS ABRAHAM TRIED TO SACRIFICE ISAAC AND TO WHAT PURPOSE OR TEST.
“This is the Internet Age and our voracious children surf and browse all websites in our current Global village. You cannot blindfold them for long nor restrict their human rights and freedom as previously done by ancient demagogues did. They ask so many questions that pre-scientific man shrouded in fables, legends, doctrines and dogmas. However,
TRUTH IS SUPREME AND WILL ALWAYS RISE ONE DAY, NO MATTER FOR HOW LONG IT HAS BEEN SUPPRESSED OR BURIED BY CENTURIES OF DOCTRINES AND DOGMAS FABRICATED IN ROME.
The errors of the Fathers of the Roman Catholic Church are so numerous that the little Pope John Paul II did by way of educated apologetics during his papacy barely scratched at the surface of the centuries’ old crime of misleading the whole Christendom”.

*Dr Jideofo Kenechukwu Danmbaezue.

A KENEZIAN SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION IS DEMONIC AND IS OF A SATANIC ORIGIN AND WAS THE GENESIS OF ALL REBELLIONS IN WORLD HISTORY. WE MUST OVERCOME ITS NEGATIVE EFFECTS BEFORE WE CAN EVER ACHIEVE A LASTING GLOBAL PEACE FOR OUR GLOBAL VILLAGE

DR J. K. DANMBAEZUE INSISTS THAT “TRUTH IS LIFE” i.e. “EZIOKWU BU NDU” in Igbo Language AND SO MUST BE TOLD TO PROPERLY EDUCATE AND SAVE THE LIVES AND SOULS OF OUR DEAR GROWING CHILDREN

Where I was born, we have this local saying; ‘He who does not know where the rainfall starting beating him, will never know where it stopped’. Another warns; “A rat that joins a lizard in playing in the rain, to remember that when the lizard is dry, it will still be wet.” In my culture, one does not interpret proverbs. Simply put, “One, who does not know who he is and where he is coming from, does not know where he is going especially in religion!”

The music I am about to play is not for every human being to dance! It is only for those matured humans with sturdy legs and pliable pelvic girdles. Only those who are prepared to stand out of the crowd are qualified to read this controversial dissertation. For my local lyrics for the brave warriors of old counsels; “If you have strengthened your heart for real challenges, then put your hands!” This is purely a literal rendition.

Its true import is this: “Unless you are fortified as a lion-hearted warrior, do not join in this war dance!” In the thick rainforests of Biafra, before the arrival of the first white man on the African continent, bond-fide male indigenes in EzeAwara’s kingdom were warriors reputed for swallowing razor-sharp cutlasses or swords and thereafter excreting them at will or whenever they wanted. They solved the ‘impossibles’ by removing the ‘im’ to convert all of them to the ‘possibles”. “If you have strengthened your heart for real challenges, then put forward your hands!”

You, too, can vomit the toxic cutlass of dogmas today! These diatribes, dissertations and research papers at this website put an end to myopic crusades and jihads! This is the computer age of digital gadgets, cellular phones and the Internet. We are scientists, not theoreticians or armchair philosophers that earlier killed scientists that proposed that the earth was round and rotated around the static sun!

ONLY TOTAL OBEDIENCE TO ALL THE NATURAL LAWS IN CREATION IS THE UNIFYING RELIGION WE NEED AS EQUAL HEIRS TO THE OMNISCIENT, OMNIPOTENT, AND ETERNAL FATHER OF US ALL. LET US ACCEPT TO SHARE THE ALMIGHTY CREATOR’S BENEVOLENCE AMICABLY IRRESPECTIVE OF OUR DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS, ACCIDENTS OF PLACES AND TIMES BIRTHS, PARENTAGES, EYE OR SKIN COLOURS, NATIONALITIES AND SOCIAL STATUSES AND LIVE AS BROTHERS AND SISTERS, NOW AND FOR EVER.
My 66th Happy Birthday Gift to Humanity on 11/03/2014 at 01:02:03 HRS GMT

From Your Chief Servant of the Holy Spirit,
REV. PROF. J. J. KENEZ, D.Sc.
APPENDIX – REPRINT OF MY OLD POST YOU CAN FIND IN ALL MY GOOGLE BLOGSPOTS

THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION IS DEMONIC
AND IS OF A SATANIC ORIGIN

DR J. K. DANMBAEZUE INSISTS THAT “TRUTH IS LIFE” i.e. “EZIOKWU BU NDU” in Igbo Language AND SO MUST BE TOLD TO PROPERLY EDUCATE AND SAVE THE LIVES AND SOULS OF OUR DEAR GROWING CHILDREN

Where I was born, we have this local saying; ‘He who does not know where the rainfall starting beating him, will never know where it stopped’. Another warns; “A rat that joins a lizard in playing in the rain, to remember that when the lizard is dry, it will still be wet.” In my culture, one does not interpret proverbs.

Simply put, “One, who does not know who he is and where he is coming from, does not know where he is going especially in religion!” The music I am about to play is not for every human being to dance! It is only for those matured humans with sturdy legs and pliable pelvic girdles. Only those who are prepared to stand out of the crowd are qualified to read this controversial dissertation. For my local lyrics for the brave warriors of old counsels; “If you have strengthened your heart for real challenges, then put your hands!” This is purely a literal rendition.

Its true import is this: “Unless you are fortified as a lion-hearted warrior, do not join in this war dance!” In the thick rainforests of Biafra, before the arrival of the first white man on the African continent, bond-fide male indigenes in EzeAwara’s kingdom were warriors reputed for swallowing razor-sharp cutlasses or swords and thereafter excreting them at will or whenever they wanted. They solved the ‘impossibles’ by removing the ‘im’ to convert all of them to the ‘possibles”. “If you have strengthened your heart for real challenges, then put forward your hands!” You, too, can vomit the toxic cutlass of dogmas today! These diatribes, dissertations and research papers at this website put an end to myopic crusades and jihads! This is the computer age of digital gadgets, cellular phones and the Internet. We are scientists, not theoreticians or armchair philosophers that earlier killed scientists that proposed that the earth was round and rotated around the static sun!

All over the world, the supposedly rational animal that prides itself with being the only one with language and reason has been manipulated into swallowing toxic wastes in the name of faith! From birth, one is conditioned to swallow the community’s or parents’ religious practices without questions! The general mass hysteria is that doctrines, dogmas and rituals were handed down through some prophets and priests and therefore no one dares challenge their real worth; neither their veracity, their utilitarian values nor their mutual benefits!

That is now history for intelligent humans who will read and understand this website! That has been the remote cause of racism, religious intolerance and the production of majority and minority races. All the animals, plants fishes, birds, reptiles, apes and human beings have the divinely built in mechanism of IMMANENT MOTION and each was designed, built and bestowed with ASEXUAL or SEXUAL REPRODUCTIVE CAPABILITIES by a SUPREME ARCHITECT/ENGINEER, who created, creates and still sustains all his created beings, animate and inanimate; all humans describe as the ALMIGHTY CREATOR!

The unproved Theory of Evolution was the product of a grandson of the Evil One! There is no doubt that Charles Darwin knew where he came from, why he was here and where he was going! The truth was that his biological father noticed an unusual trait in his son but could not decipher it since psychology had not advanced beyond theoretical assumptions. He opted to send him to a Bible College. Moreover, as every Briton then joined in the face-off of the adulterous King with the Papacy they all pretended to be ‘Christians’ who were really protesting the supremacy of the Pope and his Papal powers dominating the entire world! Any theory that helped to enthrone the Anglican Communion founded by the His Royal Majesty at the crucial time and helped dislocate the Roman Catholic Church domination of the entire world through the unpopular Papacy was welcome and given maximum support and publicity. So, you can imagine that overnight Charles Darwin’s demonic theories that would supplant God and the Creationist theory was embraced by all Britons and even earned him a Knighthood. No thanks to the love affair between Constantine, the great and his heart-throb, a Christian damsel under the tutelage of Saul of Tarsus!
ALL THE ABRACADABRA RELIGIONS IN WORLD HISTROY HAVE ONE HUMAN OBJECTIVE AT THE OUTSET HOWEVER EACH ENDS UP IN DEMONIC FRATRICIDAL WARS WE ERRONUOSLY MISLABEL CRUSADES AND JIHADS. THEY WERE ETHNIC CLEANSING WORSE THAN ADLOPH HITLER’S WAR CRIMES,
And that is why this modern theosophist; Rev. Prof. J. J. Kenez affirms that human feelings about religion originate from a single psychological trait; the fear of the unknown, which  we attempt to placate vicariously and therefore we formulate, propagate and satisfy the same L.C.M and H.C.F. by teaching what we consider are humane social mores and norms that can ensure peace for all concerned. In the final analyses, the summation, précis and concise summary of all the scriptures in the entire world are;

WORLD RELIGION IS ‘LOVE EVERY HUMAN BEING AS A CREATURE OF SAME ALMIGHTY FATHER’.

Take a harder look at the results of the enforcement of the variety of religions in world history and you will note that each religion set out to seek and pursue peaceful principles but each ended up promulgating doctrines and dogmas not acceptable to all humanity. The result is that the mundane xenophobic, egocentric and socio-centric desire to enforce these myopic doctrines and dogmas take over the objective of peace and turns the world into a battlefield of religious fanatics, mystics, demagogues and irrational beings that destroy humanity!

The ensuing narcissistic, masochistic and schizophrenic behavioural traits come to the fore and crusades and jihads take over the religious mission and replace it with ethnocentric and egocentric objective of establishing world supremacy! Is it not foolhardy for anyone to fight for the Creator, God or Allah that we all know is OMNISCIENT and OMNIPOTENT? A comparative analysis of the origins and development of crusades and jihads seems proper here! So, let ask Wikipedia or the encyclopaedias!

Counterfeits had always existed in every human endeavour but the worst is the one that proposed that humans developed from monkey-like creatures called apes. If that theory were true, by now, after a century it could have become A SCIENTIFIC LAW! Austrian monk, McGregor Mendel’s theory of inheritance in all species was only recognised post-homously. It passed all the hurdles that met the classification and differentiations of laws versus theories. All natural scientists, whether in botany or zoology, human or veterinary medicine, psychology or politics, sociology and anthropology must study his theories meticulously to pass any professional examinations!

But to date, the disciples of the pastor-turned observer of biological evolution, the ape-like Charles Darwin, who initially set out to explain to his peers why he looked very much like an ape are still groping in the dark alleys of theories that will never become any law in any scientific community! Take a critical look of any of the pictures of Charles Darwin who was a trained Anglican priest. Place it beside a picture of a full grown male ape. It will be difficult for your ten year child to differentiate. That experiment will reveal the objective of theologically trained pastor wandering off to observe animals in their natural habitats as he claimed was the ORIGIN OF SPECIES.

The truth; however was he had a subconscious need to extricate himself from the jeers and sneers of his age-mates who taunted him with being a grandson of an ape. He set out to blacklist all humans as descendants of apes and so rebuff the adolescent taunts of his peer group! Otherwise tell me, what time had a missionary pastor to veer into unknown scientific areas he never received any for mal training? No one had ever bordered to ask these pertinent and revealing questions all along.

Now, Rev. Prof. J. J. Kenez has belled the cats let all the scientific rats come out of their cowardice and ask the relevant questions on why a non-scientist was allowed to derail THE POSITIVE AND SELF-EVIDENT RELIGIOUS PERSPECTIVE OF THE THEORY OF CREATIONISM.

THE UNIVERSE IS THE HANDIWORK OF A SUPREME INTELLIGENCE

Creationism is the affirmation, not merely a belief that the universe and the various forms of life were created by God out of nothing (ex nihilo). Biblical creationists believe that the story told in Genesis of God's six-day creation of all things is literally correct. Scientific creationists believe that a creator made all that exists, but they may not hold that the Genesis story is a literal history of that creation. Both types of creationists, however, believe that changes in organisms may involve changes within a species or downward changes (negative mutations), but they do not believe that any of these changes can lead to the evolution of a lower or simpler species into a higher or more-complex species. Thus, the theory of biological evolution is disputed by all creationists.
Creationism became the object of renewed interest among conservative religious groups following the publication in 1859 of On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin (1809–82), the first systematic statement of evolutionary theory. Within two decades most of the scientific community had accepted some form of evolution, and most churches eventually followed suit.
In the early 20th century, some state legislatures in the United States banned the teaching of evolution on the ground that it contradicted the biblical creation story, which they considered a revealed truth.

The result was the famous Scopes Trial (the so-called “Monkey Trial”) of 1925, in which a high-school teacher, John T. Scopes, was convicted of unlawfully teaching the theory of evolution (he was later acquitted on a technicality).
Beginning in the late 20th century, many creationists advocated a view known as intelligent design, which was essentially a scientifically modern version of the argument from design for the existence of God as set forth by the Anglican clergyman William Paley (1743–1805). Today most creationists in the United States continue to work toward their goal of ensuring that the biblical creation story, or at least the idea that the universe and living things were divinely created, is taught alongside evolution in the public schools.

IS DIFFERENTIATIONS/IMPROVEMENT IN SPECIES BY BLIND CHANCE?

Evolution is a theory in biology postulating that the various types of plants, animals, and other living things on Earth have their origin in other pre-existing types and that the distinguishable differences are due to modifications in successive generations. The theory of evolution is one of the fundamental keystones of modern biological theory.

The 19th-century English naturalist Charles Darwin argued that organisms come about by evolution, and he provided a scientific explanation, essentially correct but incomplete, of how evolution occurs and why it is that organisms have features—such as wings, eyes, and kidneys—clearly structured to serve specific functions. Natural selection was the fundamental concept in his explanation. Natural selection occurs because individuals having more-useful traits, such as more-acute vision or swifter legs, survive better and produce more progeny than individuals with less-favourable traits. Genetics, a science born in the 20th century, reveals in detail how natural selection works and led to the development of the modern theory of evolution. Beginning in the 1960s, a related scientific discipline, molecular biology, enormously advanced knowledge of biological evolution and made it possible to investigate detailed problems that had seemed completely out of reach only a short time previously—for example, how similar the genes of humans and chimpanzees might be (they differ in about 1–2 percent of the units that make up the genes).
MLA Style:   "creationism”. Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica 2009 Ultimate Reference Suite. Chicago:  Encyclopædia Britannica, 2009.
MY DEAR READER, DID YOUR GRANDPARENTS EVOLVE FROM APES, BABOONS, CHIMPANZEE, GORILLAS AND/OR MONKEYS? IF YOUR ANSWER IS YES, PLEASE STOP READING ANY OF MY PAPERS---OH!

A KENEZIAN CONCLUSION OF THE MATTER

It is my proven conclusion therefore that it was abracadabra religious dissension that produced the most heinous theories in world history. This was/is/will remain the origin of all religious dissensions that watered down the pristine views of man and gradually over the centuries opened the eyes of all that one can theorise in the wrong direction and still have a popular following by demonised and people of crooked thinking. That was the remote genesis of the previous world wars that enthroned superiority of races, blood and intelligence that engineered the earliest religious crusades and jihads.
Before Charles Darwin, piety reigned! After Charles Darwin, hell was let loose so that all the demons escaped from hellfire, came down to our human world, filled the earth and bred all the demagogues that spawned unscientific theories, doctrines and dogmas that led to all the previous genocides mistakenly called “world wars”! My dear, can’t you now see the mother theory of evolution that gave birth to all the other nefarious evolutions that is now the pandemic the world is suffering from?
------------- QUOT ERAT DEMONSTRADUM!  
The international reparative solutions to our battered world are neatly encapsulated in these integrational stanzas divinely dictated by the Holy Spirit of the Almighty Creator of the Entire Universe to a humble adolescent who delayed making them public for over 55 years for he lacked the courage to publish earlier due to fear of being labelled an apostate.

A picture of 15 Professors of Religion, History and Culture representing Igbo Intellectuals at the High Table of an International Symposium on the Effects of Religious Imperialism on the Psychopathology of Post-Colonial Igbo Citizens was placed here as well as another ;

Dr Jideofo Kenechukwu Danmbaezue, Agunabu Umuelechi Biafra  also chaired
The 2001 symposium on 50 years of Chinua Achebe’s epic novel;
“THINGS FALL APART” at Ofu Obi Cultural Centre Enugu, BIAFRA.

3 Sep 2015




THIS LENGTHY DIATRIBE PRODUCED THE POPE EMERITUS WHO RESIGNED SO THAT THE JESUITS PUSHED FORWARD THE CURRENT POPE FRANCIS WHO IS DOING THE RIGHT THINGS.. SEXUAL ABUSES ARE CIVIL MATTERS AND EVERY CLERIC INVOLVED GETS ARRESTED AND TRIED IN CIVIL COURTS. SO FAR, 3887 SUCH CASES HAS BEEN TRIED IN USA ALONE   AND 19 ARCHBISHOPS HAVE RESIGNED BEFORE THEIR ARRESTS.  GOOD WORK, "PAPA CATHOLICA", POPE FRANCIS
3 Sep 2015




IF YOU DOUBT THIS ASSERTION, just Google to FIND AND READ THIS  

http://renascentigborel.blogspot.com/2015/08/members-of-dr-j-k-danmbaezue.html

3 Sep 2015


 1
Edit

FIND THIS DOCTORAL DISSERTATION AND DIGEST THE HISTORICAL CONCUBINAGE SWEPT UNDER THE CARPET BY IRREVEREND PRIESTS

https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/indexablecontent/uuid:3b4c2b8e-f983-4220-9a6f-7fada717870a

5 Mar 2016




MY MOST HEAVILY LOADED POST FOR A DECADE, BRAVO
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Stress (psychology)
I

INTRODUCTION
Stress (psychology), an unpleasant state of emotional and physiological arousal that people experience in situations that they perceive as dangerous or threatening to their well-being. The word stress means different things to different people. Some people define stress as events or situations that cause them to feel tension, pressure, or negative emotions such as anxiety and anger. Others view stress as the response to these situations. This response includes physiological changes—such as increased heart rate and muscle tension—as well as emotional and behavioral changes. However, most psychologists regard stress as a process involving a person’s interpretation and response to a threatening event.
Stress is a common experience. We may feel stress when we are very busy, have important deadlines to meet, or have too little time to finish all of our tasks. Often people experience stress because of problems at work or in social relationships, such as a poor evaluation by a supervisor or an argument with a friend. Some people may be particularly vulnerable to stress in situations involving the threat of failure or personal humiliation. Others have extreme fears of objects or things associated with physical threats—such as snakes, illness, storms, or flying in an airplane—and become stressed when they encounter or think about these perceived threats. Major life events, such as the death of a loved one, can cause severe stress.
Stress can have both positive and negative effects. Stress is a normal, adaptive reaction to threat. It signals danger and prepares us to take defensive action. Fear of things that pose realistic threats motivates us to deal with them or avoid them. Stress also motivates us to achieve and fuels creativity. Although stress may hinder performance on difficult tasks, moderate stress seems to improve motivation and performance on less complex tasks. In personal relationships, stress often leads to less cooperation and more aggression.
If not managed appropriately, stress can lead to serious problems. Exposure to chronic stress can contribute to both physical illnesses, such as heart disease, and mental illnesses, such as anxiety disorders. The field of health psychology focuses in part on how stress affects bodily functioning and on how people can use stress management techniques to prevent or minimize disease.
II

SOURCES OF STRESS
The circumstances that cause stress are called stressors. Stressors vary in severity and duration. For example, the responsibility of caring for a sick parent may be an ongoing source of major stress, whereas getting stuck in a traffic jam may cause mild, short-term stress. Some events, such as the death of a loved one, are stressful for everyone. But in other situations, individuals may respond differently to the same event—what is a stressor for one person may not be stressful for another. For example, a student who is unprepared for a chemistry test and anticipates a bad grade may feel stress, whereas a classmate who studies in advance may feel confident of a good grade. For an event or situation to be a stressor for a particular individual, the person must appraise the situation as threatening and lack the coping resources to deal with it effectively.
Stressors can be classified into three general categories: catastrophic events, major life changes, and daily hassles. In addition, simply thinking about unpleasant past events or anticipating unpleasant future events can cause stress for many people.
A

Catastrophes
Earthquake Destruction
Life-threatening disasters, such as earthquakes, cause severe stress and can take a heavy psychological toll on their victims. Pictured here are buildings in Mexico City destroyed by a September 1985 earthquake. The quake left at least 9,500 people dead and about 30,000 homeless.
George Chan/Photo Researchers, Inc.
A catastrophe is a sudden, often life-threatening calamity or disaster that pushes people to the outer limits of their coping capability. Catastrophes include natural disasters—such as earthquakes, tornadoes, fires, floods, and hurricanes—as well as wars, torture, automobile accidents, violent physical attacks, and sexual assaults. Catastrophes often continue to affect their victims’ mental health long after the event has ended. For example, in 1972 a dam burst and flooded the West Virginia mining town of Buffalo Creek, destroying the town. Two years after the disaster, most of the adult survivors continued to show emotional disturbances. Similarly, most of the survivors of concentration camps in World War II (1939-1945) continued to experience nightmares and other symptoms of severe emotional problems long after their release from the camps.
B

Major Life Changes
The most stressful events for adults involve major life changes, such as death of a spouse or family member, divorce, imprisonment, losing one’s job, and major personal disability or illness. For adolescents, the most stressful events are the death of a parent or a close family member, divorce of their parents, imprisonment of their mother or father, and major personal disability or illness. Sometimes, apparently positive events can have stressful components. For example, a woman who gets a job promotion may receive a higher salary and greater prestige, but she may also feel stress from supervising coworkers who were once peers. Getting married is usually considered a positive experience, but planning the wedding, deciding whom to invite, and dealing with family members may cause couples to feel stressed.
C

Daily Hassles
Much of the stress in our lives results from having to deal with daily hassles pertaining to our jobs, personal relationships, and everyday living circumstances. Many people experience the same hassles every day. Examples of daily hassles include living in a noisy neighborhood, commuting to work in heavy traffic, disliking one’s fellow workers, worrying about owing money, waiting in a long line, and misplacing or losing things. When taken individually, these hassles may feel like only minor irritants, but cumulatively, over time, they can cause significant stress. The amount of exposure people have to daily hassles is strongly related to their daily mood. Generally, the greater their exposure is to hassles, the worse is their mood. Studies have found that one’s exposure to daily hassles is actually more predictive of illness than is exposure to major life events.
III

EFFECTS OF STRESS
A person who is stressed typically has anxious thoughts and difficulty concentrating or remembering. Stress can also change outward behaviors. Teeth clenching, hand wringing, pacing, nail biting, and heavy breathing are common signs of stress. People also feel physically different when they are stressed. Butterflies in the stomach, cold hands and feet, dry mouth, and increased heart rate are all physiological effects of stress that we associate with the emotion of anxiety.
A

The Stress Response
When a person appraises an event as stressful, the body undergoes a number of changes that heighten physiological and emotional arousal. First, the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is activated. The sympathetic division prepares the body for action by directing the adrenal glands to secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). In response, the heart begins to beat more rapidly, muscle tension increases, blood pressure rises, and blood flow is diverted from the internal organs and skin to the brain and muscles. Breathing speeds up, the pupils dilate, and perspiration increases. This reaction is sometimes called the fight-or-flight response because it energizes the body to either confront or flee from a threat.
Another part of the stress response involves the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland, parts of the brain that are important in regulating hormones and many other bodily functions. In times of stress, the hypothalamus directs the pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone. This hormone, in turn, stimulates the outer layer, or cortex, of the adrenal glands to release glucocorticoids, primarily the stress hormone cortisol (see Hydrocortisone). Cortisol helps the body access fats and carbohydrates to fuel the fight-or-flight response.
Canadian scientist Hans Selye was one of the first people to study the stress response. As a medical student, Selye noticed that patients with quite different illnesses shared many of the same symptoms, such as muscle weakness, weight loss, and apathy. Selye believed these symptoms might be part of a general response by the body to stress. In the 1930s Selye studied the reactions of laboratory rats to a variety of physical stressors, such as heat, cold, poisons, strenuous exercise, and electric shock. He found that the different stressors all produced a similar response: enlargement of the adrenal glands, shrinkage of the thymus gland (a gland involved in the immune response), and bleeding stomach ulcers.
Selye proposed a three-stage model of the stress response, which he termed the general adaptation syndrome. The three stages in Selye’s model are alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. The alarm stage is a generalized state of arousal during the body’s initial response to the stressor. In the resistance stage, the body adapts to the stressor and continues to resist it with a high level of physiological arousal. When the stress persists for a long time, and the body is chronically overactive, resistance fails and the body moves to the exhaustion stage. In this stage, the body is vulnerable to disease and even death.
B

Disease
Stress Test
The stress test, also called an exercise electrocardiogram, measures the heart rate of a person during exercise and identifies any abnormal changes in heart function. Such changes may indicate the presence of coronary or arterial disease.
Mauro Fermariello/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Physicians increasingly acknowledge that stress is a contributing factor in a wide variety of health problems. These problems include cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension (high blood pressure); coronary heart disease (coronary atherosclerosis, or narrowing of the heart’s arteries); and gastrointestinal disorders, such as ulcers. Stress also appears to be a risk factor in cancer, chronic pain problems, and many other health disorders. See Stress-Related Disorders.
Researchers have clearly identified stress, and specifically a person's characteristic way of responding to stress, as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The release of stress hormones has a cumulative negative effect on the heart and blood vessels. Cortisol, for example, increases blood pressure, which can damage the inside walls of blood vessels. It also increases the free fatty acids in the bloodstream, which in turn leads to plaque buildup on the lining of the blood vessels. As the blood vessels narrow over time it becomes increasingly difficult for the heart to pump sufficient blood through them.
People with certain personality types seem to be physiologically overresponsive to stress and therefore more vulnerable to heart disease. For example, the so-called Type A personality is characterized by competitiveness, impatience, and hostility. When Type A people experience stress, their heart rate and blood pressure climb higher and recovery takes longer than with more easygoing people. The most “toxic” personality traits of Type A people are frequent reactions of hostility and anger. These traits are correlated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease.
Stress also appears to influence the development of cancer, but the relationship is not as well established as it is for cardiovascular diseases. There is a moderate positive correlation between extent of exposure to life stressors and cancer—the more stressors, the greater the likelihood of cancer. In addition, a tendency to cope with unpleasant events in a rigid, unemotional manner is associated with the development and progression of cancer.
C

Decreased Immune Response
Ordinarily the immune system is a marvel of precision. It protects the body from disease by seeking out and destroying foreign invaders, such as viruses and bacteria. But there is substantial evidence that stress suppresses the activity of the immune system, leaving an organism more susceptible to infectious diseases. An organism with a weakened immune system is also less able to control naturally occurring mutant cells that overproduce and lead to cancer.
Numerous studies have linked stress with decreased immune response. For example, when laboratory animals are physically restrained, exposed to inescapable electric shocks, or subjected to overcrowding, loud noises, or maternal separation, they show decreased immune system activity. Researchers have reported similar findings for humans. One study, for example, found weakened immune response in people whose spouses had just died. Other studies have documented weakened immune responses among students taking final examinations; people who are severely deprived of sleep; recently divorced or separated men and women; people caring for a family member with Alzheimer’s disease; and people who have recently lost their jobs.
Stress appears to depress immune function in two main ways. First, when people experience stress, they more often engage in behaviors that have adverse effects on their health: cigarette smoking, using more alcohol or drugs, sleeping less, exercising less, and eating poorly. In addition, stress may alter the immune system directly through hormonal changes. Research indicates that glucocorticoids—hormones that are secreted by the adrenal glands during the stress response—actively suppress the body’s immune system.
At one time scientists believed the immune system functioned more or less as an independent system of the body. They now know that the immune system does not operate by itself, but interacts closely with other bodily systems. The field of psychoneuroimmunology focuses on the relationship between psychological influences (such as stress), the nervous system, and the immune system.
D

Mental Illness
Stress influences mental health as well as physical health. People who experience a high level of stress for a long time—and who cope poorly with this stress—may become irritable, socially withdrawn, and emotionally unstable. They may also have difficulty concentrating and solving problems. Some people under intense and prolonged stress may start to suffer from extreme anxiety, depression, or other severe emotional problems. Anxiety disorders caused by stress may include generalized anxiety disorder, phobias, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. People who survive catastrophes sometimes develop an anxiety disorder called post-traumatic stress disorder. They reexperience the traumatic event again and again in dreams and in disturbing memories or flashbacks during the day. They often seem emotionally numb and may be easily startled or angered.
IV

COPING WITH STRESS
Coping with stress means using thoughts and actions to deal with stressful situations and lower our stress levels. Many people have a characteristic way of coping with stress based on their personality. People who cope well with stress tend to believe they can personally influence what happens to them. They usually make more positive statements about themselves, resist frustration, remain optimistic, and persevere even under extremely adverse circumstances. Most importantly, they choose the appropriate strategies to cope with the stressors they confront. Conversely, people who cope poorly with stress tend to have somewhat opposite personality characteristics, such as lower self-esteem and a pessimistic outlook on life.
A

Coping Strategies
Psychologists distinguish two broad types of coping strategies: problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping. The goal of both strategies is to control one’s stress level. In problem-focused coping, people try to short-circuit negative emotions by taking some action to modify, avoid, or minimize the threatening situation. They change their behavior to deal with the stressful situation. In emotion-focused coping, people try to directly moderate or eliminate unpleasant emotions. Examples of emotion-focused coping include rethinking the situation in a positive way, relaxation, denial, and wishful thinking.
To understand these strategies, consider the example of a premed student in college who faces three difficult final examinations in a single week. She knows she must get top grades in order to have a chance at acceptance to medical school. This situation is a potential source of stress. To cope, she could organize a study group and master the course materials systematically (problem-focused coping). Or she could decide that she needs to relax and collect herself for an hour or so (emotion-focused coping) before proceeding with an action plan (problem-focused coping). She might also decide to watch television for hours on end to prevent having to think about or study for her exams (emotion-focused coping).
In general, problem-focused coping is the most effective coping strategy when people have realistic opportunities to change aspects of their situation and reduce stress. Emotion-focused coping is most useful as a short-term strategy. It can help reduce one’s arousal level before engaging in problem-solving and taking action, and it can help people deal with stressful situations in which there are few problem-focused coping options.
B

Social Support
Support from friends, family members, and others who care for us goes a long way in helping us to get by in times of trouble. Social support systems provide us with emotional sustenance, tangible resources and aid, and information when we are in need. People with social support feel cared about and valued by others and feel a sense of belonging to a larger social network.
A large body of research has linked social support to good health and a superior ability to cope with stress. For example, one long-term study of several thousand California residents found that people with extensive social ties lived longer than those with few close social contacts. Another study found that heart-attack victims who lived alone were nearly twice as likely to have another heart attack as those who lived with someone. Even the perception of social support can help people cope with stress. Studies have found that people’s appraisal of the availability of social support is more closely related to how well they deal with stressors than the actual amount of support they receive or the size of their social network.
Research also suggests that the companionship of animals can help lower stress. For example, one study found that in times of stress, people with pet dogs made fewer visits to the doctor than those without pets.
C

Biofeedback
Biofeedback in Progress
A patient at a biofeedback clinic sits connected to electrodes on his head and finger. Biofeedback is a technique in which patients attempt to become aware of and then alter bodily functions such as muscle tension and blood pressure. It is used in treating pain and stress-related conditions, and may help some paralyzed patients regain the use of their limbs.
Owen Franken/Corbis
Biofeedback is a technique in which people learn voluntary control of stress-related physiological responses, such as skin temperature, muscle tension, blood pressure, and heart rate. Normally, people cannot control these responses voluntarily. In biofeedback training, people are connected to an instrument or machine that measures a particular physiological response, such as heart rate, and feeds that measurement back to them in an understandable way. For example, the machine might beep with each heartbeat or display the number of heartbeats per minute on a digital screen. Next, individuals learn to be sensitive to subtle changes inside their body that affect the response system being measured. Gradually, they learn to produce changes in that response system—for example, to voluntarily lower their heart rate. Typically individuals use different techniques and proceed by trial and error until they discover a way to produce the desired changes.
Scientists do not understand the mechanisms by which biofeedback works. Nonetheless, it has become a widely used and generally accepted technique for producing relaxation and lowering physiological arousal in patients with stress-related disorders. One use of biofeedback is in the treatment of tension headaches. By learning to lower muscle tension in the forehead, scalp, and neck, many tension headache sufferers can find long-term relief.
D

Relaxation
Meditation
Through meditation, people can achieve relaxation and reduce stress. Here a yogi, or practitioner of yoga, meditates in the cross-legged “lotus position.”
Walter S. Clark/Photo Researchers, Inc.
In addition to biofeedback, two other major methods of relaxation are progressive muscular relaxation and meditation. Progressive muscular relaxation involves systematically tensing and then relaxing different groups of skeletal (voluntary) muscles, while directing one’s attention toward the contrasting sensations produced by the two procedures. After practicing progressive muscular relaxation, individuals become increasingly sensitive to rising tension levels and can produce the relaxation response during everyday activities (often by repeating a cue word, such as calm, to themselves).
Meditation, in addition to teaching relaxation, is designed to achieve subjective goals such as contemplation, wisdom, and altered states of consciousness. Some forms have a strong Eastern religious and spiritual heritage based in Zen Buddhism and yoga. Other varieties emphasize a particular lifestyle for practitioners. One of the most common forms of meditation, Transcendental Meditation, involves focusing attention on and repeating a mantra, which is a word, sound, or phrase thought to have particularly calming properties.
Both progressive muscle relaxation and meditation reliably reduce stress-related arousal. They have been used successfully to treat a range of stress-related disorders, including hypertension, migraine and tension headaches, and chronic pain.
E

Aerobic Exercise
Running for Exercise
Regular aerobic exercise, such as running, can help reduce stress and anxiety in people of all ages.
Getty Images/Jim Cummins / FPG International, LLC
Aerobic exercise—such as running, walking, biking, and skiing—can help keep stress levels down. Because aerobic exercise increases the endurance of the heart and lungs, an aerobically fit individual will have a lower heart rate at rest and lower blood pressure, less reactivity to stressors, and quicker recovery from stressors. In addition, studies show that people who exercise regularly have higher self-esteem and suffer less from anxiety and depression than comparable people who are not aerobically fit. The American College of Sports Medicine recommends exercising three to four times a week for at least 20 minutes to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Contributed By:
Stephen Auerbach
Sandra E. Gramling
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

PRACTICAL EXAMPLE:

Can Work Kill?
Studies conducted in countries around the world demonstrate that people can actually work themselves to death. Factors such as workplace stress and long hours contribute to the risk of death from overwork. In this article from Scientific American Presents, Harvey B. Simon, a professor at Harvard Medical School, explores recent findings about the dangers of working too hard and suggests ways of developing healthier work habits.
Can Work Kill?
By Harvey B. Simon
According to Sigmund Freud, a man's mission in life is 'to work and to love.' In this modern world, an excess of—or, at least, unprotected—love can be hazardous indeed. But what of work? Can a man literally work himself to death?
The Japanese think so; in fact, karoshi, or 'death from overwork,' is a recognized diagnosis that qualifies survivors of its victims to receive employee compensation payments. A 1998 survey of 526 Japanese men, aged 30 to 69, supported the idea that long working hours can be hazardous to a man's health. The subjects of the study included men who had been hospitalized with a heart attack as well as healthy men of similar ages and occupations. The results were striking: men from both groups who put in more than 11 hours of work on an average day were 2.4 times more likely to have a heart attack than were men who worked 'just' seven to nine hours a day.
What accounts for the increased risk of heart attack among Japanese men who work very long hours? Mental stress is a logical explanation, but in this study psychological factors, as measured by what the researchers called the 'burnout index,' did not completely account for the trend. Nor did established risk factors. High blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, diabetes and obesity were linked to heart attack, but even after taking these variables into account, the number of hours worked itself was still closely related to the risk of heart attack.
The Japanese are notorious workaholics, but working conditions in Japan are actually designed to be predictable and to minimize stress among employees. In general, Western men do not enjoy such advantages, so one wonders just how working too hard affects their health. In 1997 an international team addressed the question by examining the results of over a dozen earlier studies on work and health, which looked at conditions ranging from heart attacks to exhaustion and mental stress. Analysis of the compiled data confirmed a correlation (in both men and women) between hours of work and ill health; the effect was small but consistent and significant.
Both of these studies focused on working hours but not on working conditions. Are such qualitative factors also important? A 1996 study from Sweden explored the possibility. The group of researchers observed more than 12,500 employed men over a 14-year period. The scientists evaluated the psychological and physical demands of each man's job; they also collected information about the age, smoking history, exercise habits, educational level and social class of each individual. When the results were analyzed, two occupational factors emerged as risk factors for death from cardiovascular disease. Men who had low control over the demands of their jobs were 1.8 times more likely to die from heart disease than men with more control were; men who also experienced a low level of social support from co-workers were 2.6 times more vulnerable to cardiovascular death.
These heart-stopping results do not stand alone. An earlier study of 2,465 Danish bus drivers linked the intensity of traffic on the drivers' routes to a two-fold increase in the risk of death and heart attack; lack of social support compounded the problem. Job strain was implicated as a predictor of mortality in a seven-year study of 500 Swedish men; high demands and low control combined to explain this effect as well. In a related survey, researchers who evaluated 99,029 Italian railway workers found that the combination of high job responsibility and low level of physical work was associated with an increased risk of heart attack.
More research will be needed to verify these observations. Even now, however, there is enough evidence to suggest that job stress may increase a man's risk of dying from heart disease. The combination of high mental demands, low personal control and inadequate social supports is particularly worrisome.
If stress at work kills, how does it happen? Nobody knows for certain. But we do know that mental stress increases blood levels of adrenaline and cortisone, two so-called stress hormones. Psychological stress raises the blood pressure and heart rate; it can also induce abnormalities in the heart's pumping rhythm, known as arrhythmias. Stress can also activate platelets in the blood, triggering clots that can block diseased coronary arteries. Furthermore, doctors have known for several years that anger in particular can trigger heart attacks and that mental stress tests can predict heart trouble more accurately than exercise stress tests.
Anger is an important component of stress on the job—and according to a recent study, men with the most anger and hostility have the highest risk of heart disease.
Since 1961 scientists at Harvard Medical School and the Harvard School of Public Health have been observing 2,280 men as part of the Normative Aging Study. In 1986, 1,305 men (with an average age of 61) completed the psychological test known as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2), which includes a section designed to quantify anger. Each participant received a score that indicated his level of anger and hostility. The men returned for comprehensive medical examinations approximately every seven years, at which time they were checked for heart disease and cardiac risk factors such as smoking, hypertension and high cholesterol.
All the men were free of coronary artery disease when the study began, but during seven years of observation, 110 of them developed heart disease. The men with the highest anger scores were at the greatest risk for developing heart disease. And the risk was substantial: coronary artery disease was diagnosed three times more often in the angriest men than in the men with the least anger. The link between anger and heart disease was not explained by differences in blood pressure, smoking or other cardiac risk factors; hostility was heartbreaking in its own right.
As it turns out, hostility is not so good for the brain, either. In a report published this spring, Susan A. Everson and her colleagues at the University of Michigan School of Public Health reported that hostility increases a patient's risk of stroke. The effect is significant. In a seven-year study of more than 2,000 men, the scientists found that men who showed high levels of anger on standard tests of anger expression were two times more likely to have strokes than were their calm peers. Other factors such as age, smoking, high blood pressure, excessive alcohol consumption, diabetes, obesity and high cholesterol levels did not account for the increased risk.
Men do not have to retire to protect their health. They should, however, certainly eat right, exercise often and avoid smoking to keep their hearts healthy. They should have regular medical care and be sure their blood pressure and cholesterol levels are okay. But they should also seek a work environment that provides a healthy degree of autonomy and control without sacrificing social supports. At its best, work should be challenging without being stressful; it should also be balanced by a healthy amount of play.
Source: Reprinted with permission. Copyright © Summer 1999 by Scientific American, Inc. All rights reserved.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
I

INTRODUCTION
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, mental illness that some people develop after experiencing traumatic or life-threatening events. Such events include warfare, rape and other sexual assaults, violent physical attacks, torture, child abuse, natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods, and automobile or airplane crashes. People who witness traumatic events may also develop the disorder.
Post-traumatic stress disorder in war veterans is sometimes called shell shock or combat fatigue. In victims of sexual or physical abuse, the disorder has been called rape trauma or battered woman syndrome. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) adopted the current name of the disorder in 1980.
II

SYMPTOMS
People with this disorder relive the traumatic event again and again through nightmares and disturbing memories during the day. They sometimes have flashbacks, in which they suddenly lose touch with reality and relive images, sounds, and other sensations from the trauma. Because of their extreme anxiety and distress about the event, they try to avoid anything that reminds them of it. They may seem emotionally numb, detached, irritable, and easily startled. They may feel guilty about surviving a traumatic event that killed other people. Other symptoms include trouble concentrating, depression, and sleep difficulties. Symptoms of the disorder usually begin shortly after the traumatic event, although some people may not show symptoms for several years. If left untreated, the disorder can last for years.
Post-traumatic stress disorder can severely disrupt one’s life. Besides the emotional pain of reliving the trauma, the symptoms of the disorder may cause a person to think that he or she is “going crazy.” In addition, people with this disorder may have unpredictable, angry outbursts at family members. At other times, they may seem to have no affection for their loved ones. Some people try to mask their symptoms by abusing alcohol or drugs (see Drug Dependence). Others work very long hours to prevent any “down” periods when they might relive the trauma. Such actions may delay the onset of the disorder until these individuals retire or become sober.
III

PREVALENCE
Studies have found from 1 to 14 percent of people suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder at some point during their lives. The findings vary widely due to differences in the populations studied and the research methods used. Among people who have survived traumatic events, the prevalence appears to be much higher. The disorder may be particularly prevalent among people who have served in combat. For example, one study of veterans of the Vietnam War (1959-1975) found that veterans exposed to a high level of combat were nine times more likely to have post-traumatic stress disorder than military personnel who did not serve in the war zone of Southeast Asia.
IV

CAUSES
Post-traumatic stress disorder is an extreme reaction to extreme stress. In moments of crisis, people respond in ways that allow them to endure and survive the trauma. Afterward those responses, such as emotional numbing, may persist even though they are no longer necessary.
Not everyone who experiences a traumatic event develops post-traumatic stress disorder. Several factors influence whether people develop the disorder. Those who experience severe and prolonged trauma are more likely to develop the disorder than people who experience less severe trauma. Additionally, those who directly witness or experience death, injury, or attack are more likely to develop symptoms.
People may also have existing biological and psychological vulnerabilities that make them more likely to develop the disorder. Those with histories of anxiety disorders in their families may have inherited a genetic predisposition to react more severely to stress and trauma than other people. In addition, people’s life experiences, especially in childhood, can affect their psychological vulnerability to the disorder. For example, people whose early childhood experiences made them feel that events are unpredictable and uncontrollable have a greater likelihood than others of developing the disorder. Individuals with a strong, supportive social network of friends and family members seem somewhat protected from developing post-traumatic stress disorder.
V

TREATMENT
Treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder may involve psychotherapy, psychoactive drugs, or both. Psychotherapists help individuals confront the traumatic experience, work through their strong negative emotions, and overcome their symptoms. Many people with post-traumatic stress disorder benefit from group therapy with other individuals suffering from the disorder. Physicians may prescribe antidepressants or anxiety-reducing drugs to treat the mood disturbances that sometimes accompany the disorder.

Contributed By:
Lynn F. Bufka
David H. Barlow
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.


PRACTICAL EXAMPLE:

Vietnam Veterans Against the War
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, mass demonstrations erupted throughout the United States protesting U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War (1959-1975). Thousands of veterans joined together in a national organization, Vietnam Veterans Against the War, that supported and influenced the antiwar movement. In this transcript from an April 22, 1971, hearing before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, committee chairman Senator J. William Fulbright indicated his sympathy for the antiwar movement. Fulbright’s comments were followed by the testimony of Vietnam veteran John Kerry, who called for an end to the war. Kerry also detailed what he believed to be the war’s negative effects in both Vietnam and the United States. Kerry became a Democratic senator from Massachusetts in 1985.
Vietnam Veterans Against the War
United States Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations
Washington, D. C.
Opening Statement of Senator Fulbright:
The committee is continuing this morning its hearings on proposals relating to the ending of the war in Southeast Asia. This morning the committee will hear testimony from Mr. John Kerry and, if he has any associates, we will be glad to hear from them. These are men who have fought in this unfortunate war in Vietnam. I believe they deserve to be heard and listened to by the Congress and by the officials in the executive branch and by the public generally. You have a perspective that those in the Government who make our Nation's policy do not always have and I am sure that your testimony today will be helpful to the committee in its consideration of the proposals before us.
I would like to add simply on my own account that I regret very much the action of the Supreme Court in denying the veterans the right to use the Mall. [Applause.]
I regret that. It seems to me to be but another instance of an insensitivity of our Government to the tragic effects of this war upon our people….
I have joined with some of my colleagues, specifically Senator Hart, in an effort to try to change the attitude of our Government toward your efforts in bringing to this committee and to the country your views about the war.
I personally don't know of any group which would have both a greater justification for doing it and also a more accurate view of the effect of the war. As you know, there has grown up in this town a feeling that it is extremely difficult to get accurate information about the war and I don't know a better source than you and your associates. So we are very pleased to have you and your associates, Mr.Kerry….
Statement of John Kerry, Vietnam Veterans Against the War
Mr. Kerry. Thank you very much, Senator Fulbright, Senator Javits, Senator Symington, Senator Pell. I would like to say for the record, and also for the men behind me who are also wearing the uniforms and their medals, that my sitting here is really symbolic. I am not here as John Kerry. I am here as one member of the group of l,000, which is a small representation of a very much larger group of veterans in this country, and were it possible for all of them to sit at this table they would be here and have the same kind of testimony.
I would simply like to speak in very general terms. I apologize if my statement is general because I received notification yesterday you would hear me and I am afraid because of the injunction I was up most of the night and haven't had a great deal of chance to prepare.
Winter Soldier Investigation
I would like to talk, representing all those veterans, and say that several months ago in Detroit, we had an investigation at which over 150 honorably discharged and many very highly decorated veterans testified to war crimes committed in Southeast Asia, not isolated incidents but crimes committed on a day-to-day basis with the full awareness of officers at all levels of command.
It is impossible to describe to you exactly what did happen in Detroit, the emotions in the room, the feelings of the men who were reliving their experiences in Vietnam, but they did. They relived the absolute horror of what this country, in a sense, made them do.
They told the stories [of] times they had personally raped, cut off ears, cut off heads … cut off limbs, blown up bodies, randomly shot at civilians, razed villages in fashion reminiscent of Genghis Khan, shot cattle and dogs for fun, poisoned food stocks, and generally ravaged the countryside of South Vietnam in addition to the normal ravage of war, and the normal and very particular ravaging which is done by the applied bombing power of this country.
We call this investigation the 'Winter Soldier Investigation.' The term 'Winter Soldier' is a play on words of Thomas Paine in 1776 when he spoke of the Sunshine Patriot and summertime soldiers who deserted at Valley Forge because the going was rough.
We who have come here to Washington have come here because we feel we have to be winter soldiers now. We could come back to this country; we could be quiet; we could hold our silence; we could not tell what went on in Vietnam, but we feel because of what threatens this country, the fact that the crimes threaten it, not reds, and not redcoats but the crimes which we are committing that threaten it, that we have to speak out.
Feelings of Men Coming Back from Vietnam
I would like to talk to you a little bit about what the result is of the feelings these men carry with them after coming back from Vietnam. The country doesn't know it yet, but it has created a monster, a monster in the form of millions of men who have been taught to deal and to trade in violence, and who are given the chance to die for the biggest nothing in history; men who have returned with a sense of anger and a sense of betrayal which no one has yet grasped.
As a veteran and one who feels this anger, I would like to talk about it. We are angry because we feel we have been used in the worst fashion by the administration of this country.
In 1970 at West Point, Vice President Agnew said “some glamorize the criminal misfits of society while our best men die in Asian rice paddies to preserve the freedom which most of those misfits abuse,” and this was used as a rallying point for our effort in Vietnam.
But for us, as boys in Asia whom the country was supposed to support, his statement is a terrible distortion from which we can only draw a very deep sense of revulsion. Hence the anger of some of the men who are here in Washington today. It is a distortion because we in no way consider ourselves the best men of this country, because those he calls misfits were standing up for us in a way that nobody else in this country dared to, because so many who have died would have returned to this country to join the misfits in their efforts to ask for an immediate withdrawal from South Vietnam, because so many of those best men have returned as quadriplegics and amputees, and they lie forgotten in Veterans' Administration hospitals in this country which fly the flag which so many have chosen as their own personal symbol. And we cannot consider ourselves America's best men when we are ashamed of and hated what we were called on to do in Southeast Asia.
In our opinion, and from our experience, there is nothing in South Vietnam, nothing which could happen that realistically threatens the United States of America. And to attempt to justify the loss of one American life in Vietnam, Cambodia, or Laos by linking such loss to the preservation of freedom, which those misfits supposedly abuse, is to us the height of criminal hypocrisy, and it is that kind of hypocrisy which we feel has torn this country apart.
We are probably much more angry than that and I don't want to go into the foreign policy aspects because I am outclassed here. I know that all of you talk about every possible alternative of getting out of Vietnam. We understand that. We know you have considered the seriousness of the aspects to the utmost level and I am not going to try to dwell on that, but I want to relate to you the feeling that many of the men who have returned to this country express because we are probably angriest about all that we were told about Vietnam and about the mystical war against communism.
What Was Found and Learned in Vietnam
We found that not only was it a civil war, an effort by a people who had for years been seeking their liberation from any colonial influence whatsoever, but also we found that the Vietnamese whom we had enthusiastically molded after our own image were hard put to take up the fight against the threat we were supposedly saving them from.
We found most people didn't even know the difference between communism and democracy. They only wanted to work in rice paddies without helicopters strafing them and bombs with napalm burning their villages and tearing their country apart. They wanted everything to do with the war, particularly with this foreign presence of the United States of America, to leave them alone in peace, and they practiced the art of survival by siding with whichever military force was present at a particular time, be it Vietcong, North Vietnamese, or American.
We found also that all too often American men were dying in those rice paddies for want of support from their allies. We saw first hand how money from American taxes was used for a corrupt dictatorial regime. We saw that many people in this country had a one-sided idea of who was kept free by our flag, as blacks provided the highest percentage of casualties. We saw Vietnam ravaged equally by American bombs as well as by search and destroy missions, as well as by Vietcong terrorism, and yet we listened while this country tried to blame all of the havoc on the Vietcong.
We rationalized destroying villages in order to save them. We saw America lose her sense of morality as she accepted very coolly a My Lai and refused to give up the image of American soldiers who hand out chocolate bars and chewing gum.
We learned the meaning of free fire zones, shooting anything that moves, and we watched while America placed a cheapness on the lives of orientals.
We watched the U.S. falsification of body counts, in fact the glorification of body counts. We listened while month after month we were told the back of the enemy was about to break. We fought using weapons against 'oriental human beings,' with quotation marks around that. We fought using weapons against those people which I do not believe this country would dream of using were we fighting in the European theater or let us say a non-third-world people theater, and so we watched while men charged up hills because a general said that hill has to be taken, and after losing one platoon or two platoons they marched away to leave the high for the reoccupation by the North Vietnamese because we watched pride allow the most unimportant of battles to be blown into extravaganzas, because we couldn't lose, and we couldn’t retreat, and because it didn’t matter how many American bodies were lost to prove that point. And so there were Hamburger Hills and Khe Sanhs and Hill 881's and Fire Base 6's and so many others.
Now we are told that the men who fought there must watch quietly while American lives are lost so that we can exercise the incredible arrogance of Vietnamizing the Vietnamese.
Each day—
[Applause.]
The Chairman. I hope you won't interrupt. He is making a very significant statement. Let him proceed.
Mr. Kerry. Each day to facilitate the process by which the United States washes her hands of Vietnam someone has to give up his life so that the United States doesn't have to admit something that the entire world already knows, so that we can’t say that we have made a mistake. Someone has to die so that President Nixon won't be, and these are his words, “the first President to lose a war.”
We are asking Americans to think about that because how do you ask a man to be the last man to die in Vietnam? How do you ask a man to be the last man to die for a mistake? But we are trying to do that, and we are doing it with thousands of rationalizations, and if you read carefully the President's last speech to the people of this country, you can see that he says, and says clearly:
But the issue, gentlemen, the issue is communism, and the question is whether or not we will leave that country to the Communists or whether or not we will try to give it hope to be a free people.
But the point is they are not a free people now under us. They are not a free people, and we cannot fight communism all over the world, and I think we should have learned that lesson by now.
Returning Veterans Are Not Really Wanted
But the problem of veterans goes beyond this personal problem, because you think about a poster in this country with a picture of Uncle Sam and the picture says “I want you.” And a young man comes out of high school and says, “That is fine. I am going to serve my country.” And he goes to Vietnam and he shoots and he kills and he does his job or maybe he doesn't kill, maybe he just goes and he comes back, and when he gets back to this country he finds that he isn't really wanted, because the largest unemployment figure in the country—it varies depending on who you get it from, the VA Administration 15 percent, various other sources 22 percent. But the largest corps of unemployed in this country are veterans of this war, and of those veterans 33 percent of the unemployed are black. That means 1 out of every 10 of the Nation's unemployed is a veteran of Vietnam.
The hospitals across the country won't, or can't meet their demands. It is not a question of not trying. They don't have the appropriations. A man recently died after he had a tracheotomy in California, not because of the operation but because there weren't enough personnel to clean the mucous out of his tube and he suffocated to death.
Another young man just died in a New York VA hospital the other day. A friend of mine was lying in a bed two beds away and tried to help him, but he couldn't. He rang a bell and there was nobody there to service that man and so he died of convulsions.
I understand 57 percent of all those entering the VA hospitals talk about suicide. Some 27 percent have tried, and they try because they come back to this country and they have to face what they did in Vietnam, and then they come back and find the indifference of a country that doesn't really care, that doesn't really care.
Lack of Moral Indignation in United States
Suddenly we are faced with a very sickening situation in this country, because there is no moral indignation and, if there is, it comes from people who are almost exhausted by their past indignations, and I know that many of them are sitting in front of me. The country seems to have lain down and shrugged off something as serious as Laos, just as we calmly shrugged off the loss of 700,000 lives in Pakistan, the so-called greatest disaster of all times.
But we are here as veterans to say we think we are in the midst of the greatest disaster of all times now because they are still dying over there, and not just Americans, Vietnamese, and we are rationalizing leaving that country so that those people can go on killing each other for years to come.
Americans seem to have accepted the idea that the war is winding down, at least for Americans, and they have also allowed the bodies which were once used by a President for statistics to prove that we were winning that war, to be used as evidence against a man who followed orders and who interpreted those orders no differently than hundreds of other men in Vietnam.
We veterans can only look with amazement on the fact that this country has been unable to see there is absolutely no difference between ground troops and a helicopter crew, and yet people have accepted a differentiation fed them by the administration.
No ground troops are in Laos, so it is all right to kill Lao by remote control. But believe me the helicopter crews fill the same body bags and they wreak the same kind of damage on the Vietnamese and Lao countryside as anybody else, and the President is talking about allowing that to go on for many years to come. One can only ask if we will really be satisfied only when the troops march into Hanoi.
Request for Action by Congress
We are asking here in Washington for some action, action from the Congress of the United States of America which has the power to raise and maintain armies, and which by the Constitution also has the power to declare war.
We have come here, not to the President, because we believe that this body can be responsive to the will of the people, and we believe that the will of the people says that we should be out of Vietnam now.
Extent of Problem of Vietnam War
We are here in Washington also to say that the problem of this war is not just a question of war and diplomacy. It is part and parcel of everything that we are trying as human beings to communicate to people in this country, the question of racism, which is rampant in the military, and so many other questions also, the use of weapons, the hypocrisy in our taking umbrage in the Geneva Conventions and using that as justification for a continuation of this war, when we are more guilty than any other body of violations of those Geneva Conventions, in the use of free fire zones, harassment interdiction fire, search and destroy missions, the bombings, the torture of prisoners, the killing of prisoners, accepted policy by many units in South Vietnam. That is what we are trying to say. It is part and parcel of everything.
An American Indian friend of mine who lives in the Indian Nation of Alcatraz put it to me very succinctly. He told me how as a boy on an Indian reservation he had watched television and he used to cheer the cowboys when they came in and shot the Indians, and then suddenly one day he stopped in Vietnam and he said “My God, I am doing to these people the very same thing that was done to my people.” And he stopped. And that is what we are trying to say, that we think this thing has to end.
Where Is the Leadership?
We are also here to ask, and we are here to ask vehemently, where are the leaders of our country? Where is the leadership? We are here to ask where are McNamara, Rostow, Bundy, Gilpatric and so many others. Where are they now that we, the men whom they sent off to war, have returned? These are commanders who have deserted their troops, and there is no more serious crime in the law of war. The Army says they never leave their wounded.
The Marines say they never leave even their dead. These men have left all the casualties and retreated behind a pious shield of public rectitude. They have left the real stuff of their reputations bleaching behind them in the sun in this country.
Administration’s Attempt to Disown Veterans
Finally, this administration has done us the ultimate dishonor. They have attempted to disown us and the sacrifice we made for this country. In their blindness and fear they have tried to deny that we are veterans or that we served in Nam. We do not need their testimony. Our own scars and stumps of limbs are witnesses enough for others and for ourselves.
We wish that a merciful God could wipe away our own memories of that service as easily as this administration has wiped their memories of us. But all that they have done and all that they can do by this denial is to make more clear than ever our own determination to undertake one last mission, to search out and destroy the last vestige of this barbaric war, to pacify our own hearts, to conquer the hate and the fear that have driven this country these last 10 years and more, and so when, in 30 years from now, our brothers go down the street without a leg, without an arm, or a face, and small boys ask why, we will be able to say 'Vietnam' and not mean a desert, not a filthy obscene memory but mean instead the place where America finally turned and where soldiers like us helped it in the turning.
Thank you. [Applause.]
Source: Articles from Bibliobase edited by Michael A. Bellesiles. Copyright © 1998 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.


Stress-Related Disorders
I

INTRODUCTION
Stress-Related Disorders, diseases brought on or worsened by psychological stress. These disorders commonly involve the autonomic nervous system, which controls the body’s internal organs. Disorders that can be caused by stress include hypertension (high blood pressure), headaches, back pain, skin disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, and ulcers. Stress is also believed to contribute to coronary heart disease (atherosclerosis, or narrowing of the heart’s arteries) and some cases of cancer.
Physicians have long recognized that people are more susceptible to diseases of all kinds when subjected to great stress. Negative events, such as the death of a loved one, seem to cause enough stress to lower the body’s resistance to disease. Positive circumstances, however, such as a new job or a new baby in the house, can also upset a person’s normal ability to fend off disease. Social scientists have devised a list of life events and rated the relative stressfulness of each. Thus, the death of a spouse rates a 100 on the scale; getting divorced, 73; marital separation, 65; going to jail, 63; death of a close family member, 63; major personal injury or illness, 53; and so on. People also experience stress from daily hassles, such as living in crowded, noisy conditions, commuting to work, and waiting in line. Although these are minor irritants when experienced individually, the cumulative effect of daily hassles can cause substantial stress.
II

CAUSES
Stress hampers function of the immune system, leaving people more vulnerable to many diseases. It also affects some disorders directly. When people experience stress, their heart beats faster, blood pressure rises, and other body systems prepare to meet the perceived threat. When a person does something active to cope with a threat, these systems return to normal. Running away or fighting—the so-called flight-or-fight response—are both successful ways of coping with many physical threats. Problems arise, however, when the body is prepared to cope with danger but cannot do so. Being caught in a traffic jam, for example, can cause the body to prepare for a flight-or-fight response, but when no action can be taken, the body’s systems remain overly active. Similar repeated experiences of this frustrating nature can lead to conditions such as high blood pressure. Scientists attribute at least part of this effect to evolutionary history. They reason that at one time, people had to live with constant physical threats from wild animals and the elements, as well as from one another, and that the body developed in a way that helped it cope with these physical stresses.
Certain personality traits may also may lead to stress-related disorders. The so-called Type A personality, characterized by competitive, hard-driving intensity, is common in American society. Although early studies suggested a link between Type A behavior and coronary heart disease, most studies since the 1980s have failed to find such a relationship. However, research has consistently demonstrated that people who show a high level of hostility, anger, and cynicism—often components of Type A behavior—have a higher risk of coronary heart disease than people without these traits. see Heart: Heart Diseases.
III

KINDS
High blood pressure, or hypertension, is one of the most common disorders made worse by stress. About 25 percent of adult Americans have high blood pressure. Although it has no noticeable symptoms, hypertension can damage the kidneys and can lead to stroke or heart attack.
Gastrointestinal problems are an even more common result of stress. Peptic ulcers (see Ulcer) are sores in the lining of the stomach or the duodenum (the upper part of the small intestine). Most researchers believe that stress contributes to ulcers by causing excessive secretion of hydrochloric acid. Normally this acid aids digestion by breaking down food in the stomach. But when the stomach produces excessive acid in the absence of food, the acid can eat through the protective mucous lining of the stomach or duodenum. Other stress-related gastrointestinal disorders include irritable bowel syndrome and some inflammatory diseases of the colon and bowel, such as regional enteritis.
Stress can also contribute to some respiratory disorders. For example, stress can trigger an attack of asthma (see Asthma, Bronchial). Asthma attacks are characterized by wheezing, panting, and a feeling of being suffocated. In addition, emotional stress can cause or aggravate many skin disorders, from those that produce itching, tickling, and pain to those that cause rashes and acne.
Major traumatic events such as accidents, catastrophes, or battle experiences may bring on a condition called post-traumatic stress disorder. Once known under war conditions as shell shock or battle fatigue, post-traumatic stress disorder gained its current name after it appeared in many veterans returning from the Vietnam War (1959-1975) as they tried to readjust to civilian life. Symptoms may appear long after the initial trauma. These include reexperiencing the trauma through disturbing nightmares and memories, emotional numbness, nervous irritability, depression, and sleep difficulties.
IV

TREATMENT
Treatment of stress-related disorders depends on the specific disorder. In some cases, treatment is limited to relieving the particular physical symptom involved. Psychological treatments are directed at helping the person to relieve the source of stress or else to learn to cope more effectively with it. Physicians often recommend combinations of physical and psychological treatments.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.


Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System, in vertebrate anatomy, one of the two main divisions of the nervous system, supplying impulses to the body's heart muscles, smooth muscles, and glands. The autonomic system controls the action of the glands; the functions of the respiratory, circulatory, digestive, and urogenital systems; and the involuntary muscles in these systems and in the skin. Controlled by nerve centers in the lower part of the brain, the system also has a reciprocal effect on the internal secretions, being controlled to some degree by the hormones and exercising some control, in turn, on hormone production.
Two antagonistic divisions make up the autonomic nervous system: the sympathetic, or thoracicolumbar, division, which stimulates the heart, dilates the bronchi, contracts the arteries, and inhibits the digestive system, preparing the organism for physical action; and the parasympathetic, or craniosacral, division, which has the opposite effects, and prepares the organism for feeding, digestion, and rest. The sympathetic division consists of a chain of interconnected ganglia (groups of nerve cells) on each side of the vertebral column, which send nerve fibers to several large ganglia, such as the coeliac ganglion. They, in turn, give rise to nerves passing to the internal organs. The ganglia of the sympathetic chains are connected to the central nervous system by fine branches connecting each ganglion with the spinal cord. Fibers of the parasympathetic system arise in the brain and, with the cranial nerves, especially the vagus and accessory nerves, pass to ganglia and plexuses (networks of nerves) within the various organs. The lower part of the body is innervated by fibers arising from the lowest (sacral) segment of the spinal cord and passing to the pelvic ganglion, which gives rise to nerves for such organs as the rectum, bladder, and genital organs.
See also separate articles on the various parts and functions of the body.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.


Hypertension
I

INTRODUCTION
Blood Pressure Check
A patient’s blood pressure is checked through the use of a sphygmomanometer. A rubber cuff is wrapped around the upper arm and inflated, compressing the artery to stop the blood flow. A stethoscope is placed on the arm to listen for the return of the blood as the cuff gradually deflates. Readings taken at the point when the blood forcefully returns and when it is flowing smoothly again determine the blood pressure.
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Hypertension or High Blood Pressure, medical condition in which constricted arterial blood vessels increase the resistance to blood flow, causing an increase in blood pressure against vessel walls. The heart must work harder to pump blood through the narrowed arteries. If the condition persists, damage to the heart and blood vessels is likely, increasing the risk for stroke, heart attack, and kidney or heart failure. Often called the “silent killer,” hypertension usually causes no symptoms until it reaches a life-threatening stage.
Hypertension affects 20 percent of people living in the United States. Of these, almost a third are unaware of their condition. Until the age of 55, more men than women have hypertension. After that age, the condition becomes more prevalent in women. Hypertension is significantly more common in African Americans of both sexes than in other racial or ethnic groups.
Physicians use two measurements to describe blood pressure. Systolic pressure measures blood pressure as the heart contracts to pump out blood. Diastolic pressure measures blood pressure as the heart relaxes to allow blood to flow into the heart. An instrument called a sphygmomanometer measures systolic and diastolic pressure using units of millimeters of mercury (abbreviated mm Hg).
Blood pressure is classified in four categories: normal, prehypertension, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension. Normal blood pressure in an adult is less than 120/80 mm Hg, in which 120 describes systolic pressure and 80 describes diastolic pressure. Prehypertension is defined as a systolic pressure of 120 to 139 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure of 80 to 89 mm Hg. People with prehypertension are likely to develop hypertension at some point during their life. Stage 1 hypertension is defined as a systolic pressure of 140 to 159 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure of 90 to 99 mm Hg. Stage 2 hypertension is defined as 160/100 mm Hg or higher.
II

HOW HYPERTENSION DEVELOPS
Two factors determine blood pressure: the amount of blood the heart pumps and the diameter of the arteries receiving blood from the heart. When the arteries narrow, they increase the resistance to blood flow. The heart works harder to pump more blood to make sure the same amount of blood circulates to all the body tissues. The more blood the heart pumps and the smaller the arteries, the higher the blood pressure.
The kidneys play a major role in the regulation of blood pressure. Kidneys secrete the hormone renin, which causes arteries to contract, thereby raising blood pressure. The kidneys also control the fluid volume of blood, either by retaining salt or excreting salt into urine. When kidneys retain salt in the bloodstream, the salt attracts water, increasing the fluid volume of blood. As a higher volume of blood passes through arteries, it increases blood pressure.
Scientists do not fully understand the causes of hypertension. In up to 95 percent of cases no clear cause can be identified. This type of high blood pressure is known as essential hypertension, and scientists suspect that genetic factors may play a role in its development. In about 5 percent of cases high blood pressure develops as a result of another medical disorder, such as kidney or liver disease, or as a side effect of certain medications. This type of high blood pressure is known as secondary hypertension. Other factors that may contribute to elevated blood pressure in some people include a diet high in salt, physical inactivity, obesity, and heavy alcohol consumption.
III

COMPLICATIONS
If hypertension is not detected and treated, life-threatening complications develop over a course of years. Increased pressure on the inner walls of blood vessels makes the vessels less flexible over time and more vulnerable to the buildup of fatty deposits in a process known as atherosclerosis (see Arteriosclerosis). Weakened portions of the blood vessel wall may balloon, forming an aneurysm. If an aneurysm ruptures, internal hemorrhaging (bleeding) results. Both atherosclerosis and a ruptured aneurysm in the brain can lead to a stroke.
Hypertension forces the heart to work harder to pump adequate blood throughout the body. This extra work causes the muscles of the heart to enlarge, and eventually the enlarged heart becomes inefficient in pumping blood. An enlarged heart may lead to heart failure, in which the heart can not pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs.
Increased blood pressure may damage the small blood vessels within the kidney. The kidney then becomes unable to filter blood efficiently, and waste products may build up in the blood in a condition known as uremia. Without medical treatment, kidney failure will result.
IV

TREATMENT
Physicians recommend that people with prehypertension undergo diet and lifestyle changes, such as losing weight and quitting smoking, in order to prevent a rise in blood pressure. Some patients can lower their blood pressure by limiting salt in their diet. Increasing physical activity and reducing alcohol consumption to less than two drinks per day for men and one drink per day for women may also lower blood pressure.
For those with stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension, a physician may prescribe diet and lifestyle changes, as well as one or more drugs known as antihypertensives. Diuretics are antihypertensives that promote excess salt and water excretion, reducing the amount of fluid in the bloodstream and relieving pressure on blood vessel walls. Beta blockers reduce heart rate and the amount of blood the heart pumps. ACE inhibitors prevent the narrowing of blood vessel walls to control blood pressure. Calcium channel blockers slow heart rate and relax blood vessels. Studies show that two drugs are more effective than one drug at lowering blood pressure to less than 140/90 mm Hg.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.


The Sphygmomanometer
The blood pressure measuring device known as the sphygmomanometer exists today in much the same form as it did when it was invented in the early 1900s. The January 18, 1913, issue of Scientific American contained the following brief description of the sphygmomanometer, including some comments about the insurance industry’s use of the device.
The Sphygmomanometer
The Sphygmomanometer is an instrument of recent invention for measuring the blood pressure. The name is derived from sphygmos, the pulse; manos, thin, rare; and meter, a measure. The manometer had been in use for some time as an instrument for measuring the tension of gases and vapors, and was readily adapted to testing blood pressure by adding a rubber bulb and a cuff with rubber bag attached on the inside. This is placed over the brachial artery, above the elbow, and when the pressure through the rubber bulb has shut off the artery so the pulse cannot be felt at the wrist, the reading in the graded scale at the height of the column of mercury indicates the blood pressure. The normal blood pressure is 125 millimeters. In hardening of the arteries, and accompanying heart and kidney complications, the blood pressure is an important symptom to be studied. Several of the large life insurance companies require the blood pressure to be taken in applications for large amounts. One company requires it in all applicants without regard to age or amount. This company claims to have saved $50,000 in losses the first year in which they required the use of the sphygmomanometer. They followed the history of cases rejected on account of high blood pressure only, and found several who died within the year of apoplexy.
Source: Reprinted with permission. Copyright © January 18, 1913 by Scientific American, Inc. All rights reserved.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Blood Pressure Classification
Classification of blood pressure levels for adults 18 years and older. Systolic pressure, the higher number of a blood pressure reading, is the pressure as the heart pumps; diastolic pressure is the pressure when the heart relaxes between beats.
Category
Systolic
(mm Hg)†
Diastolic
(mm Hg)†
Recommended Treatment

Normal*
< 120
< 80
None.
Prehypertension
120-139
80-89
Lifestyle changes, including regular exercise, losing weight if overweight, quitting smoking, and eating a healthful, low-salt diet.
Stage 1 Hypertension
140-159
90-99
Lifestyle changes plus drug treatment with one or more drugs that include a diuretic.
Stage 2 Hypertension
160 and higher
100 and higher
Lifestyle changes plus drug treatment with at least two drugs.
†Measured in millimeters of mercury.

*Unusually low readings should be evaluated by a physician.
Source: Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure,
National Institutes of Health.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Coping with High Blood Pressure
Vincent E. Friedewald, Jr., a physician and the author of the Ask the Doctor series of books on medicine and health, outlines some simple and basic measures that people with high blood pressure should take. A low-fat, low-sodium diet and regular exercise, along with a limit on alcoholic drinks and no smoking, are some of the vital steps necessary to lowering blood pressure. Friedewald also debunks some suggestions, such as eating lots of garlic and onions and avoiding coffee, that he says have no effect on controlling hypertension.
Coping with High Blood Pressure
By Vincent E. Friedewald, Jr.
If you have been diagnosed with hypertension, your goal is simple: Bring your blood pressure down to a healthy level, and keep it there. Very few people should settle for less. In fact, many people with hypertension could do fine without medication. Take these simple steps, and watch your blood pressure fall.
Know what’s going on in your arteries
Don’t wait for your next trip to the doctor’s office. With proper instruction, measuring your blood pressure at home is easy and accurate. Regular self-monitoring also gets you intimately involved in your own care.
Keep a blood pressure diary. Record your blood pressure measurements, including the time of day and notations about events that might have affected the readings, such as changes in medication, diet, or physical activity. Take your blood pressure diary with you every time you visit the doctor.
A word of caution: Don’t use your blood pressure readings to self-medicate or to change doses of prescribed medications. That’s your doctor’s responsibility.
Shed those extra pounds and move a little
Lose the weight. Nothing is more critical than dropping those extra pounds. For some people, excess weight means the difference between normal and elevated blood pressure. Weight loss may also allow you to take lower doses of hypertension medications.
Move a little! Sedentary folks have a significantly greater chance of developing hypertension. Regular exercise lowers blood pressure—and you don’t have to run a marathon to reap benefits. Brisk walking for 30 to 45 minutes three times each week will do just fine. Swimming and biking also help control hypertension, and they’re fun. But whatever exercise you choose, make it a regular part of your life, just like sleeping and eating.
Another word of caution: If you have been inactive for some time, consult your doctor before starting any exercise program.
Avoid table salt
The sodium found in ordinary table salt can elevate blood pressure, especially in African Americans and the elderly. That’s one reason why diuretics—pills that rid the body of sodium—are so effective in treating hypertension in some people.
To reduce salt intake, remove the saltshaker from the table. Cut back on snacks such as potato chips and pretzels, fast foods, processed foods, and frozen foods. Read the label on every type of food you buy—you may be shocked at how much sodium is in that little package!
Potassium is a form of salt, too. But unlike sodium, potassium has positive effects on blood pressure. Folks who ingest a lot of potassium tend to have lower blood pressure. Most fruits and vegetables are high in potassium, and as an added bonus, they are low in calories and high in fiber.
Other salts include calcium and magnesium. Despite some evidence that these salts may help lower blood pressure, their role is uncertain right now. For the time being, focus on lowering your sodium intake and adding more potassium to your diet.
Cut back on fat
You’ve surely heard this one before: restrict your intake of fatty foods. One of the main reasons for controlling blood pressure is to reduce the risk of developing atherosclerosis, which leads to heart disease and stroke. Diets high in saturated fats accelerate atherosclerosis.
Confused? Follow DASH, an ideal diet for persons with hypertension. DASH stands for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. This diet is rich in low-fat dairy products, calcium, potassium, magnesium, fiber, and vitamins. And don’t keep the fun all to yourself; following DASH is good for everyone. Put your whole family on DASH. After all, if you have hypertension, it’s likely someone else in your family is at risk as well.
Cut back on the hooch, and quit smoking already
Drink less alcohol. Excess alcohol intake contributes to hypertension, reduces the effectiveness of blood pressure medications, and increases the risk for stroke.
Need guidelines? Adult men should limit their daily intake to 24 ounces of beer, 10 ounces of wine, or 2 ounces of 100-proof whiskey. Women and lightweight males should consume only half these amounts. A note of caution: A heavy drinker who suddenly stops consuming all alcohol may develop higher blood pressure for a few days.
Stop smoking. Now. The nicotine in cigarettes raises blood pressure with every puff.
Need help? Consider nicotine replacement products. These stop-smoking aids don’t contain enough nicotine to raise blood pressure. Need more help? The Centers for Disease Control maintains a list of resources to help you quit smoking.
Don’t believe the hype
As with any disease, hypertension has its share of stories about miracle cures and remedies. Make sure you’re not putting your money and energy into a treatment that won’t work.
Myth: Garlic and onion reduce blood pressure
You may have heard that diets high in garlic and onion will lower your blood pressure. Scientific studies have failed to show that these foods have any consistent effect on blood pressure. Don’t endure garlic or onion breath to lower your blood pressure—they don’t work.
Myth: To bring down blood pressure, just relax
While it is true that emotions like stress and anxiety can temporarily raise blood pressure, relaxation-training therapies including biofeedback and meditation have not been scientifically proven to reduce hypertension. And learning these techniques can be pricey. You might do better investing your time and money in a good pair of walking shoes, a bicycle helmet, or a swimsuit.
Myth: People with high blood pressure shouldn’t drink coffee
Go ahead, enjoy that cup of joe. The caffeine in a cup of coffee may temporarily increase blood pressure, but the long-term effects are not harmful.
Stay informed
There is a lot we don’t know about hypertension. The huge amount of research underway is bound to expand our knowledge and the arsenal of tools we use to fight hypertension in the coming months and years. Stay informed of developments when they occur. Read, surf credible Web sites, and watch the news. When you learn of something new that might relate to you, first ask your doctor about it.
On the Web, the American Heart Association offers extensive information about the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. The National Institutes of Health publishes “Your Guide to Lowering High Blood Pressure,” a comprehensive site with quizzes and a community group to help you learn more tips for reducing hypertension.

Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.



THE DANMBAEZUE DYNASTY IS THE FAMILY OF DR & DR MRS JIDEOFO  KENECHUKWU  DAMBAEZUE







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